3. Kinds of subcultures General Description Subspecies Description of the subspecies Musical Subcultures Based on various genres of music fans Alternativschikifans of alternative rock, rapcore Goth fans of gothic rock Metalfans of heavy metal and its varieties Punksfans of punk rock Rockersfans of rock music Hip-hop (rappers), fans of rap and hip-hop Skinheads amateur ska Emo fans of emocore

4.  Alternativschiki - a youth subculture that emerged in the early 1980s, later inscribed in Russia in the 1990s. Formed by mixing metal, punk, and rappers. The success of alternative music provided such groups as Nirvana, Korn and Limp Bizkit.  Popular subjects for lyrics are calls for political literacy and anti-fascism. However, the texts are talking about wild parties, love, violence, drugs.  The appearance of the members of this subculture is heavily dependent on their age and environment interaction. Most frequent today, black hair covering his ears, black clothes, shoes (mostly skate), piercings on his face, tunnels, dreadlocks, tattoos. In this environment, often using drugs, alcohol, and engage in extreme sports.

6.  The Goths, the representatives of the youth subculture, originated in the late 70's XX-th century on a wave of post-punk. In Russia, they appeared in 1990. The Gothic subculture is quite varied and not uniform, but her more or less characterized by the following features: a dark image, the interest in mysticism and esoteric, the love of gothic music. Originally called the Goths Gothic music fans, but later spread to the subculture of literature, cinema, painting. Yet a major role in this subculture is a peculiar world view, a particular perception of the world, and death-as a fetish that can be considered one of the signs belonging to the Goths. But do not forget that the Gothic emerged thanks to the music, and to this day, it is a major unifying factor for all is ready.  Goths have a recognizable image, which has recently undergone significant changes. No matter how developed Gothic, remain unchanged two main elements: the predominant color of clothes black (sometimes with elements of other colors) as well as exclusive silver jewelery, gold is not used principally as regarded as a symbol of the usual, trite values, as well as the color of the sun ( silver-color of the Moon). Hairstyle plays a very important role in the image is ready to both sexes. It may just be a straight long hair, or they pick up or collect the gel into large bundles. Occasionally Iroquois. Most hair color to black, red, purple and white, it is also possible to color strands of one color against another. Make-up remains one of the main signs of belonging to a subculture: a dense layer of white powder on his face, black eyeliner eyes and lips.

8.  Metal (or metalheads metallers) - a youth subculture, inspired by the music in the style of metal that appeared in Russia in the 1980s. Subculture Metal lacks a distinct ideology and focused mainly around music. Lyrics metal bands promote independence, autonomy and self-confidence, the cult of "strong personality". The attitude to religion is different, but traditionally it is believed that metal is not religious. The appearance of metal: Long hair for men Leather jacket, leather jackets, leather vest. Black T-shirts or overalls with the logo of your favorite metal band. Wraps-leather bracelets Patches on clothes and other surrounding objects Heavy boots, Camelot, grindersy, short boots with chain- Cossacks. Jeans (usually blue or black) leather pants. Chain, attached to the belt

10.  Punk youth subculture that emerged in the mid 70s in the UK, U.S., Canada and Australia, in Russia, this subculture has appeared a little later, in 1980.  Punks have different political views, but most of them are committed to socially oriented ideologies and progressivism. For punks characterized by a desire for personal freedom and independence, the principles of "no sale", "to rely on yourself." Punks are different colorful shocking image:  Many punks dye their hair unnatural colors in bright, tease and fix them with varnish, gel or a beer, so they stood upright. In the 80's with punk hair style has become fashionable, "Mohawk." Punks of the skull and causing marks on clothes and accessories. Wear wristbands and collars made of leather with spikes, studs and chains. Many punks are doing a tattoo. Also, wear ripped jeans, frayed (which they specifically cut).

12.  Rockers have emerged as a subculture in the fifties and early sixties, in the era of rock 'n' roll, and representatives of the music and style that became Chuck Berry, Elvis Presley early.  Rockers wear leather motorcycle jacket adorned with an abundance of buttons, patches, badges and pins. On their heads they are often quite fashionable leather cap. Usually they go on a motorcycle wearing a helmet with an open face. In the wardrobe of every rocker there jeans, leather pants, high boots motorcycle, military shirts and shoes.  The other side of the rocker culture-alcohol, drugs, cigarettes.

13. Hip-hop youth subculture that emerged in the mid-1970s among African Americans and Hispanics. It is characterized by its own music (also known as hip-hop, rap), its slang, its hip- hop fashion, dance styles (breakdancing), graphic art (graffiti), and a cinema. By the early 1990s, hip-hop has become part of youth culture in many countries, as well as in Russia. Music hip-hop consists of two main elements: rap (rhythmic recitative with clear rhymes) and rhythms given by a DJ, though not uncommon songs without vocals. On stage, the musicians are often accompanied by a dance ensemble. Currently, hip-hop is one of the most commercially successful of the modern entertainment music. The style of hip-hop fans: Most wear jeans, the "tube" and tight shirts or sport shirts, jewelry, stylized rap culture. Outsize welcome. Caps, "caps", turned back to the waist, backpacks, chains, sports jackets, t- shirts is mandatory attributes of the members of this subculture. Youth, which is part of the subculture can be classified as sufficiently specific and unusual. Hip-hop fashion and will continue to influence the next generation of young consumers, artists and their fans to find new ways of development of the subculture.

15.  The skinheads or neo-Nazis in Russia have swelled from a few dozen a decade ago to more than 50,000 in recent times.Primarily made up of teenagers, skinheads dress in bomber or camouflage jackets, wear heavy steel-tipped boots, and shave their heads. Such individuals launch violent physical attacks on Jews, Blacks, Chechens, Asians and others. Primarily white, the skinheads often use the Nazi salute, carry signs that feature racial slurs, and protest minority functions and business establishments. Carrying clubs and steel rods, the Russian skinheads have been responsible for an increasing number of violent assaults on minorities in Russia.

16. Emo youth subculture that is based on the eponymous musical style fans. Like most modern subcultures, Emo originated in the U.S. in the mid 80s. In Russia, about the subculture became known only at the beginning of the XXI century. The expression of emotions, most important rule for those who consider themselves emo subculture. They are distinguished: self-expression, opposition to injustice, special, sensual disposition. Often vulnerable and emo-depressed person. It stands out from the crowd of bright appearance, looking for like-minded people and dreams of a happy love.

17.  Traditional emo hair is oblique, ragged fringe to the tip of the nose, closing one eye and the back short hair sticking out in all directions. Preference will be given a hard straight black hair. The girls may be childish, ridiculous hairstyles. To create these hairstyles emo spend fixing bottles of hairspray. Most Emo pierce their ears or make tunnels. In addition, on the face of emo can be pierced (eg, in the left nostril and lips, eyebrows, nose). Eyes densely sum pencil or ink, making them look like a bright spot on the face. Nails are covered with black lacquer.  Emo clothes are in pink and black colors with two-color patterns and stylized icons. The main colors in the clothes are black and pink (magenta), although other shockingly bright combinations are allowed. The most common for them to wear is skinny jeans, sneakers with bright or black laces, black or pink strap, checkered scarf around his neck, arafatka.