1. Entering the World Stage
Chapter 7 Section 1

2. A. Imperialist Activity
1. Imperialism
The extension of a nation’s power over other lands
Late 1800s, European countries are imperialistic
U.S. also began to become imperialistic
Why?
A) Economic Interests
Industrialization caused countries to look to foreign lands as markets for their goods
Africa, Asia, Latin America
B) Military Needs
Navies needed bases to refuel and resupply
C) Ideology
Nationalism- people thought that more land = more power
Social Darwinism – Strong countries take over weak countries

3. 2. Scramble for Territories
British Empire ruled ¼ of the world’s land and population
France, Belgium, and Germany all controlled overseas lands
American believed that they too needed to do the same
Some Americans argued that overseas lands needed Christianity and Democracy

4. B. U.S. Takes Hawaii 1. Early Contact British in Hawaii late 1700s
Hawaii ruled by King Kamehameha
In 1800s, U.S. missionaries to Hawaii
Missionaries, raised families and grew crops and brought disease
Eventually, the Americans became wealthy sugar planters and had a lot of power
King Kalakaua resented the American’s power
He negotiated a treaty w/ the U.S., which allowed Hawaiian sugar to enter the U.S. tax free

5. 2. Plotting Against the King
The Hawaiian League
-purpose was to overthrow the king and establish an American democracy
The U.S. wanted Pearl Harbor in exchange for renewing the sugar treaty
Kalakaua refused
Hawaiian League forced the King to sign a new constitution at gunpoint
Called the Bayonet Constitution
-took voting rights away from most Hawaiians and gave Pearl Harbor to the U.S.

6. In 1890, the U. S. stopped importing sugar from Hawaii to protect U. S
In 1890, the U.S. stopped importing sugar from Hawaii to protect U.S. sugar planters
This hurt the wealthy American planters in Hawaii
They thought the only way to save their businesses would be overthrow the monarchy and add Hawaii to the U.S.

7. 3. End of the Monarchy
1891, Kalakaua died and his sister Liliuokalani takes the throne
She wanted to get rid of the Bayonet Constitution
The businessmen plotted to overthrow her and annex Hawaii to the U.S.
John L. Stevens, the U.S. minister to Hawaii, ordered U.S. marines to take the queen off her throne
Liliuokalani surrendered on Jan. 17, 1893
Sanford B. Dole, a sugar tycoon, was made the president of the Republic of Hawaii

8. 4. Annexation
Dole wanted U.S. president Grover Cleveland to annex Hawaii
Cleveland said that Liliuokalani should be restored to her throne
William McKinley became president after Cleveland and annexed Hawaii in 1898
in 1959, Hawaii became the 50th state
In 1993, Congress formally apologized for the incident

9. C. Influence in China Hawaii a mid-way point to China
Europe had carved out their own Spheres of Influence in China
-geographic area in which an outside nation has control
The U.S. was too late to get their own Sphere of Influence
U.S. Sec of State John Jay proposed the Open Door Policy
-said that all countries should trade equally in China

10. The presence of foreigners in China led to the Boxer Rebellion
Boxers were a secret organization of Chinese dedicated to wiping out foreigners
Western nations rushed in to put down the rebellion, including the U.S.
The rebellion increased support for the Open Door Policy

11. D. Influence in Japan Until the 1800s, Japan was closed to foreigners
U.S. Commodore Matthew Perry went into Tokyo to open trade w/ the Japanese
Japan agreed to open trade with U.S.
This allowed Japan to industrialize and become the most powerful Asian country

12. By the 1890s, Japan took over the island of Taiwan
They also wanted Korea and Manchuria, but so did the Russians
The Russo-Japanese War
-Russia and Japan went to war over Northern China
-Both the Russians and Japanese suffered and had enough
Japan asked U.S. president Teddy Roosevelt to negotiate a peace treaty
Japan was the clear victor in the war and emerged as a great world power

13. The U.S. knew that Japan was hungry for land in the Pacific
Roosevelt decided to make a statement to Japan about the power of the U.S.
He sent 4 squadrons of battleships on a trip around the Pacific and to Japan
-called the Great White Fleet
This was to show off the military power of the U.S.