1. C.M. Rodrigue, 2016 Geography, CSULB Mars: Second Order Landscapes Geography 441/541 S/16 Dr. Christine M. Rodrigue

2. C.M. Rodrigue, 2016 Geography, CSULB Second Order: Syrtis Major "Blue Scorpion"

3. C.M. Rodrigue, 2016 Geography, CSULB Mars: Second Order Landscapes The “Blue Scorpion” of Syrtis Major – AKA Hourglass Sea – First recorded feature – Sketch map by Christiaan Huygens (1659) – Arguably recorded earlier by Francisco Fontana (1636) – Giovanni Schiaparelli showed it in his map of 1888

4. C.M. Rodrigue, 2016 Geography, CSULB Second Order: Syrtis Major "Blue Scorpion" Syrtis (Viking VIS)  Basalt/wind streaks (VIS) Early telescopy (Huygens 1659) 

5. C.M. Rodrigue, 2016 Geography, CSULB Mars: Second Order Landscapes The “Blue Scorpion” of Syrtis Major: æolian feature – Low relief volcanic shield – Hesperian age – Low albedo due to wind – Surface is basalt – Interesting effect downwind of high rim craters: windshadow and dust deposition creates bright streaks

6. C.M. Rodrigue, 2016 Geography, CSULB Mars: Second Order Landscapes The Polar Ice Caps – North Polar Cap – Water ice cap – Seasonal CO 2 veneer – Chasmata: polar cap winds? – But they sprial counterclockwise

7. C.M. Rodrigue, 2016 Geography, CSULB Mars: Second Order Landscapes The Polar Ice Caps – North Polar Cap – Water ice cap – Seasonal CO 2 veneer – Dust at varying densities in various layers

8. C.M. Rodrigue, 2016 Geography, CSULB Second Order: North Polar Ice Cap

9. C.M. Rodrigue, 2016 Geography, CSULB Second Order: Polar Ice Caps North Pole (MGO MOC over MOLA) Residual ice (MEX HRSC)

10. C.M. Rodrigue, 2016 Geography, CSULB Mars: Second Order Landscapes The Polar Ice Caps – North Polar Cap – Layering (HiRISE) – Drainage from beneath

11. C.M. Rodrigue, 2016 Geography, CSULB Second Order: Polar Ice Caps Chasma Boreale (MO THEMIS)  Chasma Boreale (MRO HiRISE)

12. C.M. Rodrigue, 2016 Geography, CSULB Second Order: South Polar Ice Cap

13. C.M. Rodrigue, 2016 Geography, CSULB Mars: Second Order Landscapes The Polar Ice Caps – South Polar Cap – CO 2 – Water ice cap underneath? – Yes, ~ 8m down – Again, chasmata spiral opposite the way katabatic winds would spiral

14. C.M. Rodrigue, 2016 Geography, CSULB Second Order: Polar Ice Caps South Pole (MEX HRSC) CO 2 geysers (Hartmann painting) "Spiders" (MRO HiRISE))

15. C.M. Rodrigue, 2016 Geography, CSULB Mars: Second Order Landscapes The Polar Ice Caps – Air pressure variations dominated by South Polar Cap (Viking)