1. Mendelian Genetics

2. Gregor Mendel Father of genetics (1880’s) Discovered how traits were inherited Genetics = study of heredity Heredity = the passing of traits from parents to offspring

3. Mendel’s Experiments Mendel did his study on pea plants Pea plants have many traits (tall/short, purple flowers/white flowers) Pea plants can be self- fertilized or cross-fertilized

4. Mendel’s Experiments Types of Plants True-Breeding - these plants always create plants that look like themselves Hybrids – offspring of true-breeding plants -EX: Tall x Short = hybrid

5. Dominant vs. Recessive Some traits are dominant over others Recessive traits are masked by dominant traits Tall (T) x Short (t) = all tall offspring (hybrids, Tt)

6. Genes and Alleles Mendel discovered that each trait is controlled by two factors Allele = version of a gene Genes = factors that determine your traits

7. Explaining the Cross When a parent makes sperm or eggs, their genes separate (PRINCIPLE OF SEGREGATION) The GAMETES (egg or sperm) contain either a T allele (tall) or a t allele (short)

8. Genotype and Phenotype GENOTYPE - genetic make up/allele the organism has (TT, Tt, tt) PHENOTYPE - physical appearance of the gene (tall or short)

9. Punnet Square Monohybrid Cross – 1 trait

10. Punnet Square Dihybrid Cross = 2 traits