1. Enzyme Structure and Function

2. Why do we study molecules in biology? Review the large molecules of life: break down into

3. Large molecules in food are broken down into smaller molecules to: –Provide energy to the body –Provide building blocks to make new molecules How do food molecules get broken down?

4. Enzymes Are specialized proteins that help: –Catalyze (“speed up”) reactions –Break down molecules –Build up new molecules And! –Can be affected by changes in the enzyme’s environment –Remember, they are proteins (so tertiary or quaternary-level folded strings of amino acids) –Denaturation = bonds between R groups are broken –Loss of structure/folding  loss of function

5. Enzymes are specific in how they work! –Substrate –Active Site –Induced fit –Stress on bonds –Dehydration Synthesis or Hydrolysis

6. Enzymes lower the activation energy of a chemical reaction. Activation energy is the amount of energy it takes for a reaction to “go” Mrs. Mason’s example Watch!

7. For the audio-visual learners… Enzyme video clip from Bozeman BiologyBozeman Biology

8. Inhibitors can get in the way! These are molecules that interfere with enzyme function. –Competitive Inhibitors –Non-competitive Inhibitors (“allosteric”) Can slow the work of enzymes, or stop it altogether.

12. Last few things… We have millions and bajillions of enzymes! –Think about it: enzymes = proteins = genes Enzymes do not get consumed in the reaction. They are continually reused. Enzymes are recognizable by their name. –Amylase –Protease –Lipase –DNA Polymerase Click for a cheesy enzyme song!

13. Enzyme Structure and Function Write a summary paragraph Let’s take a Class Quiz!

14. Your Task/Homework Enzyme Structure and Function Extension to Lecture Questions –These will require some time –Due Tuesday, April 12

15. Extra Slides

16. Respond to these questions in the spaces below. What does “induced fit” refer to, when talking about enzymes? Explain how an enzyme speeds up a specific reaction. What does it mean to be an optimal condition for an enzyme”? List 2 optimal enzyme conditions for humans. Compare and contrast cofactors and coenzymes. Compare and contrast competitive inhibitors and non- competitive inhibitors. What is the advantage of feedback inhibition to a cell?

17. Label where enzymes are produced

18. Quick Review! From essay, What Happens to the Food You Eat? 1.Why is saliva an important component of the digestive system? 2.Explain what happens to food as it passes through the stomach into the small intestine. 3.Why is chewing food such an important function to digestion? 4.How are large molecules broken down into smaller ones?

19. You Are What You Eat!