1. Instrumental Analysis
CHEM

2. Intro to Instrumental Analysis Chapter 1
Classification of Analytical Methods
Qualitative instrumental analysis is that measured property indicates presence of analyte in matrix.
Quantitative instrumental analysis is the magnitude of measured property is proportional to concentration of analyte in matrix.

3. Another Classification
Classical Methods
Titrations
Gravimetric analysis
Instrumental Methods
Based on measurements of properties of analyte
Phenomena known for years
Recent growth due to electronics and computers

4. Characteristic Property Instrumental Method
Emission of radiation fluorescence, phosphorescence, X-ray
Adsorption of radiation NMR, EPR, UV-vis, IR
Scattering of radiation Raman, turbidimetry
Refraction of radiation Refractometry
Diffraction of radiation X-ray (XRPD)
Rotation of radiation Polarimetry, optical rotary dispersion
Electrical potential Potentiometry
Electrical charge Coulometry
Electrical current Amperometry, polarography
Electrical resistance Conductometry
Rate of reaction Kinetic methods
Mass-to-charge ratio Mass spectrometry

7. Precision – A measure of the reproducibility of a measurement
Precision – A measure of the reproducibility of a measurement. Accuracy – A measure of how close a measured value is to the “true value” Sensitivity – Ability to discriminate between small differences in analyte concentration Calibration sensitivity – Slope of calibration curve at concentration of interest Analytical sensitivity () – m/ss (slope/STDEV of measurement)

8. Detection Limit – minimum concentration of analyte that can be detected at a know confidence level. Signal Detection Limit – minimum signal that can be distinguished from the blank.