1. Age of Exploration

2. England Spain Portugal Italy France
Who explored where? Keep this chart in your binder.

3. Goals for learning
To describe the importance of new technology in early navigation and exploration.
To identify the major European explorers and the areas they explored.
To describe how England’s and Spain’s power in Europe changed after the Spanish Armada was defeated.
To identify the first European colonies and who started them.

4. BC & AD
1BC
1AD

5. Explorers
Name Birth Flag What he explored Country Country

6. Bjarni Herjólfsson 986 AD 1st European in N. America—in a way
-- or was he?

7. Leif Eriksson
1000 A.D.
Stoneland
Woodland
Vinland

8. Statue of Leif Eriksson in Reykjavík, Iceland

12. .

13. Ideas of Exploration Begin
Italian traders
Route to the Far East by sea
Events Affecting Exploration:
Published account of Marco Polo
Henry the Navigator’s School
Invention of the Compass
Accurate maps helped people accept that the world was round
Early globes

14. Marco Polo
Explored Far East in 13th Century
Europeans dreamed of a safer & shorter route to the Indies--India, China, Thailand, and Vietnam

15. Prince Henry the Navigator

16. Caravel

18. Bartholomeu Dias
Cape of Good Hope

19. Cristoforo Colombo
Wanted to find an all water route to the Indies by sailing west
Queen Isabella of Spain agreed to finance his voyage.
On his initial voyage, he had three ships.
He called the natives Indios (and the area the West Indies) because he thought he was in Indonesia

21. Columbus Day is also known as Dia de la Raza in many Spanish-speaking countries to commemorate those first encounters between Europeans and Native Americans.

22. Conquistadores Conquerors
Married Indian women creating new class of people, mestizos
Creates a link between Latin American Indians and European races

23. Vasco da Gama
1498, reached India

24. John Cabot Amerigo Vespucci Juan Ponce de Leon Vasco Nunez de Balboa
1497, Newfoundland, northeast North America.
Amerigo Vespucci
South America.
Juan Ponce de Leon
Went in search of gold and the fountain of youth
Florida
Vasco Nunez de Balboa
Pacific Ocean

25. Francisco Pizarro Ferdinand Magellan Hernando Cortes
Defeated the Incas
Ferdinand Magellan
Found the water route around the New World (around South America)
Proved the world was round
Hernando Cortes
Defeated Montezuma, the Aztec King
Landed in what is now Mexico
Pizarro—Peru was in civil war between Atahualpa and his brother, and smallpox broke out. Pizarro imprisoned A, took the ransom, and then had him executed. The brother had been killed by another Spanish general.
Mexico—Cortes sank his ships so his men would not leave. Montezuma received him hospitably but was imprisoned and later killed. As a final blow, smallpox broke out.

26. Giovanni da Verrazzano
Searched for the Northwest Passage
Sailed from what is nowNorth Carolina to Cape Cod
Jacques Cartier
Explored Canada via the St. Lawrence River searching for Northwest Passage
Sir Francis Drake
Sailed around South America and traveled up the Pacific coast as far as what is now the state of Washington

27. Hernando de Soto
de Soto led the largest expedition of the 16th and 17th century through the southeast and midwest of today's USA

29. England and France Start Colonies
King Philip II of Spain sent a fleet of ships to England to defeat them
The English sailors defeated the Spanish Armada in 1588.
Queen Elizabeth granted Sir Humphrey Gilbert a charter to establish a colony in North America.
Gilbert died. However, his half brother received the charter (Sir Walter Raleigh).

30. Sir Walter Raleigh
1578—sails to New World with Sir Humphrey Gilbert
1584—his ships land at Roanoke Island
1585--Named governor, he calls his colony Virginia
1587—Roanoke Colony established
1588—led English navy against Armada

31. The Lost Colony John White led the Roanoke Colony.
White returned to England in 1587 to get more supplies.
On his return in 1590, White was unable to find a trace of the colonists.
The word “CROATOAN” was found carved on a tree.
Virginia Dare, White’s grand-daughter, was the first English child born in America.

33. Other Colonies Samuel de Champlain
Founder of a small colony in 1535, on the St. Lawrence River
This became known as Quebec.
Robert de La Salle
Sailed down the Mississippi in 1680

34. Other Colonies
In England, people were looking for land and religious freedom.
1607—Jamestown, Virginia (Virginia Company)
1620—Massachusetts Colony (Plymouth Company)

35. Critical Thinking: Write your Opinion
Do you think the Europeans would have found the New World as quickly if Columbus had not made his voyages?
Why or why not?
Who do you think was the most important explorer? Why?