1. Reconstruction Amendments 13 th- No slavery 13 th- No slavery 14 th- citizenship 14 th- citizenship 15 th - right to vote 15 th - right to vote Changes in our government to protect former slaves Changes in our government to protect former slaves These helped but were not enforced when northern army left in 1877. These helped but were not enforced when northern army left in 1877.

2. Disenfranchisement-vote taken away.. When southern white officials took power When southern white officials took power The northern army left in 1877 The northern army left in 1877 The South instituted Jim crow laws which separated the races. The South instituted Jim crow laws which separated the races. Southern leaders looked for ways to take voting rights from blacks. Southern leaders looked for ways to take voting rights from blacks.

3. Poll taxes/Literacy Tests/ Grandfather clauses Designed to keep African Americans from voting and achieving political power. This is Disenfranchisement Designed to keep African Americans from voting and achieving political power. This is Disenfranchisement grandfather clauses allowed poor whites to vote grandfather clauses allowed poor whites to vote

4. Plessy vs. Ferguson (1896) Supreme Court supports segregation by ruling that “separate but equal” is the law of the land. Supreme Court supports segregation by ruling that “separate but equal” is the law of the land. This lasts until the 1950’s This lasts until the 1950’s

5. Nativism Nativism Nativism means an opposition or hatred towards immigrants. Nativism means an opposition or hatred towards immigrants. NINA (No Irish Need Apply), disliked because they were poor and Catholic. NINA (No Irish Need Apply), disliked because they were poor and Catholic. Workingman's party of California (anti-Chinese). Workingman's party of California (anti-Chinese). KKK. KKK.

6. Immigration Changes-More from Eastern and Southern Europe. Many were Catholic or Jewish. Immigration Changes-More from Eastern and Southern Europe. Many were Catholic or Jewish.

7. Catholic Immigration  As immigrants came from South Eastern Europe more Catholics were represented in U.S  Catholics coming from Latin America and have had the biggest increase over the last 50 years

8. Chinese Exclusion Act The Chinese were excluded from immigrating to the U.S. in 1882 and was not repealed until 1943. The Chinese were excluded from immigrating to the U.S. in 1882 and was not repealed until 1943.

9. Americanization Americanization Designed to assimilate people of different cultures. Designed to assimilate people of different cultures. Literacy, history, and government Literacy, history, and government Social etiquette, cooking, and native culture. Social etiquette, cooking, and native culture. Some ethnic neighborhoods fought against this. Some ethnic neighborhoods fought against this.

10. Growth of cities Immigration (labor) and Industrialization lead to growth. Immigration (labor) and Industrialization lead to growth. This Urbanization is due to many jobs moving to cities. This Urbanization is due to many jobs moving to cities. There is a movement from Rural (country) to Urban (city). There is a movement from Rural (country) to Urban (city).

11. Urban (city) problems Overcrowding Overcrowding Crime Crime Pollution Pollution Not enough services Not enough services Ethnic tension (no assimilation) Ethnic tension (no assimilation) Corrupt politics (political machines) Corrupt politics (political machines) Laissez faire government Laissez faire government

12. The Gilded Age The Gilded Age Industrialization and progress made America look bright and shiny on the outside, but it was really a period of Corruption, Poverty and Nativist tension. Industrialization and progress made America look bright and shiny on the outside, but it was really a period of Corruption, Poverty and Nativist tension.

13. Political Machines Groups of people that came together for political power. Groups of people that came together for political power. They were known for being corrupt. (Boss Tweed) They were known for being corrupt. (Boss Tweed) They targeted immigrants for recruitment. They targeted immigrants for recruitment. They offered jobs, police protection, political “hook- ups” and favors for the vote. They offered jobs, police protection, political “hook- ups” and favors for the vote.

14. Robber Barons Robber Barons Wealthy businessmen who used ruthless tactics to gain monopolies and squeeze out competition Wealthy businessmen who used ruthless tactics to gain monopolies and squeeze out competition  Carnegie (above)  Rockefeller (below)

15. Gospel Of Wealth- Andrew Carnegie Gospel Of Wealth- Andrew Carnegie  Carnegie wrote a book about how the rich had an obligation to give back to society.  Many rich “Robber Barons gave back millions to society.  “Because they had been blessed they should give back.”

16. John D. Rockefeller Standard Oil company Standard Oil company Formed a Monopoly Formed a Monopoly Robber Baron Robber Baron Ruthless tactics Ruthless tactics Did give money to charity Did give money to charity

17. Henry Ford-assembly line Henry Ford-assembly line Ford’s production of the Model T in the early 20th- century is an example of combining both specialization and greater efficiency in production. Ford’s production of the Model T in the early 20th- century is an example of combining both specialization and greater efficiency in production.

18. Government protects Domestic industry with Tariffs. The government put a tariff ( tax ) on foreign imports. This protected U.S. businesses because foreign competitors had to charge more. The government put a tariff ( tax ) on foreign imports. This protected U.S. businesses because foreign competitors had to charge more.

19. Progressivism Progressivism Most Progressives sought to fix the social problems that were caused by rapid industrialization and urbanization of our country. Most Progressives sought to fix the social problems that were caused by rapid industrialization and urbanization of our country. End corruption, women’s suffrage, conservation, efficiency. End corruption, women’s suffrage, conservation, efficiency.

20. “ The Jungle” by Upton Sinclair This book exposed the horrors of the meat packing industry. This book exposed the horrors of the meat packing industry. “The rats, poison and bread were used to make sausage.” “The rats, poison and bread were used to make sausage.” TR passes meat inspection act. TR passes meat inspection act.

21. Trusts are Monopolies Trusts or Monopolies are when a group or person takes over a particular industry. Trusts or Monopolies are when a group or person takes over a particular industry. Carnegie, Rockefeller, and Vanderbilt were examples of Robber barons who formed monopolies or trusts. Carnegie, Rockefeller, and Vanderbilt were examples of Robber barons who formed monopolies or trusts.

22. “ Bosses of the Senate” What is this cartoon saying? The monopolists or robber barons are controlling the Senate. The monopolists or robber barons are controlling the Senate. It depicts corruption It depicts corruption

23. Vertical/ Horizontal Integration Vertical Integration- owning all parts of production and lowering your cost. It helps to form a monopoly (get rid of competition). Vertical Integration- owning all parts of production and lowering your cost. It helps to form a monopoly (get rid of competition). Horizontal Integration- getting rid of competition by mergers, undercutting, and buy outs Horizontal Integration- getting rid of competition by mergers, undercutting, and buy outs

24. Sherman and Clayton Anti-trust Acts Progressives went after company’s that were forming monopolies. Progressives went after company’s that were forming monopolies. These laws made it more difficult to form trusts or monopolies. These laws made it more difficult to form trusts or monopolies.

25. Muckrakers Muckrakers Muckraking journalists of the Progressive era were known for exposing dangerous labor conditions, corruption and social problems. Muckraking journalists of the Progressive era were known for exposing dangerous labor conditions, corruption and social problems. Upton Sinclair, Ida Tarbell, Jacob Riis Upton Sinclair, Ida Tarbell, Jacob Riis

26. Populist Party Set up to support Farmers and workers Set up to support Farmers and workers “The People’s Party” “The People’s Party” Unlimited Coinage of Silver Unlimited Coinage of Silver Supported government regulation of big business Supported government regulation of big business Shorter work day/ benefits for workers Shorter work day/ benefits for workers D:\The_Populist_Party_E merges.wmv D:\The_Populist_Party_E merges.wmv D:\The_Populist_Party_E merges.wmv D:\The_Populist_Party_E merges.wmv D:\The__Cross_of_Gold_ _and_the_Election_of_18 96.wmv D:\The__Cross_of_Gold_ _and_the_Election_of_18 96.wmv D:\The__Cross_of_Gold_ _and_the_Election_of_18 96.wmv D:\The__Cross_of_Gold_ _and_the_Election_of_18 96.wmv

27. Social Gospel Movement Jane Addams “Hull House” (settlement house) education, culture training for the urban poor. Jane Addams “Hull House” (settlement house) education, culture training for the urban poor. Temperance Temperance Women’s rights Women’s rights Get rid of poverty Get rid of poverty Christians have moral responsibility Christians have moral responsibility YMCA YMCA

28. Social Darwinism Social Darwinism Society becomes better because only the fittest survive. Society becomes better because only the fittest survive. Same in business world. Same in business world. No regulation in business. No regulation in business. Competition gets rid of those who do not adapt. Competition gets rid of those who do not adapt.

29. Children’s Bureau Children’s Bureau The purpose of the Children’s Bureau of 1912 was to The purpose of the Children’s Bureau of 1912 was to The purpose of the Children’s Bureau of 1912 was to investigate and report upon the welfare of children. The purpose of the Children’s Bureau of 1912 was to investigate and report upon the welfare of children.

30. Theodore Roosevelt Trust buster Trust buster Meat inspection act Meat inspection act Workers rights Workers rights Conservation Conservation 1 st progressive president 1 st progressive president ICC regulates RR ICC regulates RR

31. ICC- Interstate Commerce Commission/ Hepburn Act Given power to the ICC to regulate interstate trade and railroad rates. Given power to the ICC to regulate interstate trade and railroad rates. Government is expanding under this progressive regulatory agency. Government is expanding under this progressive regulatory agency. Helps farmers Helps farmers

32. TR and the “Square Deal” TR’s domestic program aimed at helping middle class. Anti-trust laws Arbitration for labor Consumer protection “Fairness”

33. William Taft Children’s Bureau reported on child labor. Mann-Elkins Act gives more power to ICC Conservation TR upset with break up of U.S. Steel and his tariff reform. 1912 election goes to Wilson.

34. United Mine Workers Strike TR threatens the use of military to end strike and force arbitration. He wanted to protect the people.

35. Billy Sunday and William Sumner Sunday was a strong supporter of Prohibition and his preaching almost certainly played a significant role in the adoption of the 18th Amendment in 1919. Sunday was a strong supporter of Prohibition and his preaching almost certainly played a significant role in the adoption of the 18th Amendment in 1919. Sumner's popular essays gave him a wide audience for his laissez-faire: advocacy of free markets, anti-imperialism, and the gold standard. Sumner's popular essays gave him a wide audience for his laissez-faire: advocacy of free markets, anti-imperialism, and the gold standard.

36. Dwight Moody Moody was an evangelist who involved with starting the YMCA. Moody was an evangelist who involved with starting the YMCA. This promoted Christian values and physical education. This promoted Christian values and physical education.

37. 17th Amendment 17 th Direct election of senators 17 th Direct election of senators More power to the people. More power to the people. Government will be more responsive Government will be more responsive

38. Progressive reform Recall- election to get rid of a bad politician Recall- election to get rid of a bad politician Initiative- citizens make up law Initiative- citizens make up law Referendum- vote on citizen law Referendum- vote on citizen law Secret ballot Secret ballot

39. W.E.B Dubois W.E.B Dubois He believed that the Talented Tenth, or the "exceptional men" of the black race would be the ones to lead the race to equality. He believed that the Talented Tenth, or the "exceptional men" of the black race would be the ones to lead the race to equality. Founder of NAACP which fought for minority rights Founder of NAACP which fought for minority rights PHD from Harvard PHD from Harvard

40. Failure of Progressivism The most conspicuous limit to Progressivism was its failure to address African American issues. The most conspicuous limit to Progressivism was its failure to address African American issues.

41. Federal Reserve System It was started in 1913 It was started in 1913 It regulates the money supply It regulates the money supply It still is used today It still is used today It is our central bank It is our central bank

42. 16 th Amendment 16 th Amendment 1909 provided for a graduated income tax 1909 provided for a graduated income tax Part of populist plan Part of populist plan Less money needed from tariffs Less money needed from tariffs

43. Hiram Johnson Progressive Governor of California Progressive Governor of California Popular election of U.S. Senators Popular election of U.S. Senators women's suffrage women's suffrage In 1911, Johnson and the Progressives added initiative, referendum, and recall to the state government, giving California a degree of direct democracy unmatched by any other U.S. state. In 1911, Johnson and the Progressives added initiative, referendum, and recall to the state government, giving California a degree of direct democracy unmatched by any other U.S. state. initiativereferendumrecall initiativereferendumrecall