2. Lincoln’s First Inaugural Address March 4, 1861

4. Overview The Presidential Election of 1860 President Buchanan’s Response Lincoln’s Inaugural Address The Civil War Begins

5. President Buchanan’s Response December 20, 1860 - South Carolina secedes Feb. 1, 1861 - Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana & Texas secede President James Buchanan - no authority to forcibly preserve the Union Secession NOT Slavery now the issue!

6. Lincoln’s Inaugural Address March 4. 1861 Lincoln and President Buchanan - open carriage from Willard Hotel to Capitol Infantry protect route & in Capitol building

9. Constitution of the United States WE, the people of the United States, in order to form a more perfect Union, establish justice, ensure domestic tranquillity, provide for the common defense promote the general welfare, and secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves, and our posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America. Article I; Section 10 No state shall enter into any treaty, alliance or confederation; grant letters of marque and reprisal; coin money; emit bills of credit; make anything but gold and silver coin a tender in payment of debts; pass any bill of attainder; ex post facto law, or law impairing the obligation of contracts, or grant any title of nobility. No state shall, without the consent of congress, lay any imposts or duties on imports or exports, except what may be absolutely necessary for executing its inspection laws; and the net produce of all duties and imposts, laid by any state on imports or exports, shall be for the use of the treasuring of the United States; and all such laws shall be subject to the revision and control of the congress. No state shall, without the consent of congress, lay any duty of tonnage, keep troops, or ships of war in time of peace, enter into any agreement or compact with another state, or with a foreign power, or engage in war, unless actually invaded, or in such eminent danger as will not admit of delay.

10. I consider that in view of the Constitution and the laws, the Union is unbroken, and to the extent of my ability I shall take care, as the Constitution itself expressly enjoins me, that the laws of the Union be faithfully executed in all the states.”

11. "The power confided to me will be used to hold, occupy, and possess the property and places belonging to the Government.”

12. "I have no purpose, directly or indirectly, to interfere with the institution of slavery in the States where it exists. I believe I have no lawful right to do so....

13. "In your hands, my dissatisfied fellow- countrymen, and not in mine, is the momentous issue of civil war.... You can have no conflict without being yourselves the aggressors. You have no oath registered in heaven to destroy the Government, while I shall have the most solemn one to 'preserve, protect, and defend it.' "I am loath to close. We are not enemies, but friends. We must not be enemies...

16. The Civil War Begins April 12 & 13 - Confederate forces bombarded Fort Sumter Fort Surrenders - no one killed (horse) Lincoln calls for 75,000 volunteers to end insurrection Virginia, N. Carolina, Arkansas and Tennessee join the Confederacy

20. Civil War veterans shake hands at the 50 th Anniversary of the Battle of Gettysburg – 1913.

24. U.S. War Deaths in Thousands