1. Bilingualism and Language Brokering

2. Signs Can be symbols or icons: Can be words: God — Yaweh boss vs. basic “good” language vs. “bad” language Socially created and learned meaning Can create stereotypes Can unlearn and fight those stereotypes

3. Breaking Stereotypes of Good vs. Bad

4. Bilingualism: Facts vs. Myths  Working with a partner, decide which statements you think are true or not.  Write down why or why not next to them.  Be prepared to share back your answers with the larger group.

5. Evidence from Research and Principles from Linguistics Tell Us…  More than half of the world’s population is bilingual or multilingual. (1 = true,  Bilingualism provides some protection from cognitive diseases like Alzheimer’s.  Bilingual children often outperform monolingual children in cognitive tasks and social problem solving.  Children who are proficient in their heritage language often have higher self-esteem, more solid family relationships, and are less likely to drop out of high school.

6. Evidence from Research and Linguistic Principles Tell Us…  People who code-switching are highly fluent in both languages.  Spanglish is a rule-governed system that has great expressive potential and that is used by many fluent bilinguals for a complex set of reasons.  Not all bilinguals (even very fluent bilinguals) can translate or interpret easily because this is a skill that has to be cultivated, and not an automatic part of bilingualism.

7. Bilingualism  There are multiple types of bilingualism, and multiple ways of being bilingual  Receptive bilingual: someone who understands the language but does not speak  http://www.cpin.us/dll/recept.html http://www.cpin.us/dll/recept.html  Spanglish: http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=1438900 http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=1438900

8. Language Brokering  In movies:  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xjsD RccpxXE http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xjsD RccpxXE  In real life:  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NfQ nNYSgPGY http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NfQ nNYSgPGY

9. Language Brokering  Take a minute to reflect on these clips with a partner, then share back to the class:  Who is involved in each episode?  What is being translated/interpreted?  Where is this taking place?  How do the participants feel?  How would you feel if you were in a similar situation?

10.  Do you often have to translate or interpret for family members? How do you feel about doing it?  Does interpreting/ translating come naturally to you? How about code-switching?  Do you code-switch (switch between two languages)? When? With whom?  How do you view code- switching? Positively? Negatively? Something else? Why?  Do you shift between styles (e.g., academic language, slang, religious language, etc.) within a single language? When? With whom?  Does style shifting feel natural for you?  How do you view style shifting? Positively? Negatively? Something else? Why? Language Brokering Style Shifting

11. Language Brokering  Much more than “just” interpretation and translation:  Complex set of language practices, the numerous ways in which children, mostly of immigrants, use their knowledge of both languages to read, speak, write and do things for others in multiple settings: home, school, work, hospitals, etc.