1. { Ocean Sediments Exam Review

2. When scientists need sediment from the top of the seafloor, and they aren’t worried about preserving the sediment layers, they use the… A.Deep sea shovels B.Clamshell sampler C.Drilling ships D.Piston corer

3. When scientists need a layered sediment sample from the ocean floor, they might use… A.Deep sea shovels B.Clamshell sampler C.Seismic refraction D.Piston corer

4. The method of using an air gun that sends sound waves to bounce of sediments on the ocean floor is called… A.Seismic refraction B.Clamshell sampler C.Drilling ships D.Piston corer

5. Scientist study sediments of the ocean floor to discover clues about rock composition, location of oil and natural gas resources and … A.Deep sea trench depth B.Deposition patterns C.Formation of Pangaea D.Guyot formation

6. Lithogenous sediments originate from… A.Outerspace B.Organism fossils C.Land D.Chemical reactions in seawater

7. An example of Lithogenous sediment is… A.Sand and clay B.Calcite C.Ferromanganese nodules D.Tektites

8. Scientists classify sediments based on… A.How heavy the particles are B.The size & diameter of the particles C.The volume of the particles D.The color of the particles

9. Biogenous sediments originate from… A.Land B.Outerspace C.Organism fossils D.Chemical reactions in seawater

10. The most easily eroded sediment is __________ because it is non-cohesive and small. A.Silt B.Clay C.Pebble D.Sand

11. Sediment on the continental shelf is largely controlled by… A.Seismic activity B.Tides, waves and currents C.Heat and pressure D.Carbonate Compensation Depth

12. Sediment found farther out on the continental shelf is thought to be left there from a time when the sea level was lower, we call these sediments… A.Relict sediments B.Glacial sediments C.Recent sediments D.Cosmogenous sediments

13. The rate of accumulation of which type of sediment is the fastest. A.Continental shelf B.Deep ocean

14. There is more siliceous ooze than calcareous ooze below the carbonate compensation depth (CCD) because… A.Calcareous organisms don’t live very deep in the ocean B.Siliceous organisms reproduce more C.Calcium carbonate dissolves as quickly as it accumulates at that depth D.Calcareous deposits rise to ocean surface

15. Even though ooze drifts a long way before settling to the ocean floor, deep ocean sediment has the same composition at the surface as it does at the bottom of the ocean because dense fecal pellets fall to the bottom quickly depositing more biogenous material. A.True B.False

16. Ferromanganese nodules are found throughout the world’s oceans, made of iron and manganese and are… A.Remnants of meteorite impacts B.Hydrogenous sediments C.Lithogenous sediments D.Made from the fossils of calcareous organisms

17. Which has more biogenous sediment? A.Deep ocean sediments B.Continental shelf sediments

18. Even though ooze drifts for a long distance, deep ocean sediments have basically the same composition at the surface as the ocean bottom. A.True B.False

19. Sand and gravel are used… A.For Fuel B.As a source of manganese C.To make mild abrasives (like sand paper) D.In face cream

20. An evaporate forms when mineral-rich water evaporates leaving behind minerals to crystallize. A.True B.False

21. Crystallization from ocean water through chemical reactions makes… A.Lithogenous sediments B.Hydrogenous sediments C.Cosmogenous sediments D.Tektites

22. Hydrogenous sediments include all listed below EXCEPT… A.Manganese nodules B.Evaporates C.Diatoms D.Calcium carbonates (like calcite)

23. When calcium carbonate fossils are buried and hardened, they become Quartz. A.True B.False

24. Ocean floor sediments are classified according to… A.Particle size B.Composition C.Origin D.Color

25. Terrigenous sediment is also called… A.Biogenous sediment B.Cosmogenous sediment C.Lithogenous sediment D.Hydrogenous sediment

26. What percentage of biogenous sediment needs to be present in order for it to be called ooze. A.10% B.30% C.50% D.90%

27. Because it is so small and cohesive (molecules tend to stick to it), clay settles to the ocean floor… A.Slowly B.Quickly C.Never

28. Scientists study ocean sediments because it helps them… A.Learn about Earth’s past climate B.Figure out the age of the seafloor C.Determine pollution patterns D.All of the above

29. A turbidity current is rapidly moving, sediment- rich water moving down a slope A.True B.False

30. Turbidites have finer sediments at the bottom and coarser sediments at the top because finer sediments settle to the bottom first. A.True B.False