2. Today’s Lesson  You will leave being able to answer the following exam question to your MTG or above  Outline two assumptions of the cognitive approach [4]

3. Which question will this be on the exam? Cognitive

4. What is the marking guide for this question?

5. The cognitive approach  The cognitive approach is concerned with how thinking shapes our behaviour.  Compare this to the biological and psychodynamic approach...

6. The cognitive approach  Cognitive psychologists explain all behaviour in terms of thoughts, beliefs, attitudes, and study how these direct our behaviour.  Cognitive psychologists are looking at the internal processes of the mind.

7. 1: Internal mental process HHumans are basically seen as information processors. HHow information received from our senses is processed by the brain and how this processing directs how we behave. AAlso looks at how various cognitive functions work together to help us make sense of the world.

8. Mental processes studied by cognitive psychologists  Mental processes studied by cognitive psychologists  Perception - http://www.thefreedictionary.com/perceptionhttp://www.thefreedictionary.com/perception  Attention - http://www.thefreedictionary.com/attentionhttp://www.thefreedictionary.com/attention  Memory- http://www.thefreedictionary.com/memoryhttp://www.thefreedictionary.com/memory  Language- http://www.thefreedictionary.com/languagehttp://www.thefreedictionary.com/language  Thinking- http://www.thefreedictionary.com/thinkinghttp://www.thefreedictionary.com/thinking How would they work together to identify a dog?

9. Schemata  Part of the mental processes identified by the cognitive approach are schemata (singular: schema).  Mental structures that represent an aspect of the world, such as an object or event (expectation).  Help us to make sense of the world, providing short cuts to identifying things that we come across.

10. Schemata  For example,  It has a large metal door  Buttons and knobs  Gets hot inside  Has hot metal rings on top  It’s probably a cooker!  Your schema for “cooker” allows you to be able to identify all cookers so long as they don’t veer too far from your mental schema.

11. Schema for a “psychology lesson”  On the post it notes, write down what you think would be your schemata for a psychology lesson.

12. Assessment check assumption 1 of the cognitive approach is...  Complete half of the assessment question  Outline one Assumption of the Cognitive Approach (2marks)

13. 2: The computer analogy  Cognitive psychologists often compare the human mind to a computer.  It compares how we take information (input) store it or change it (process) and then recall it when necessary (output). PROCE SS INPUT OUTPUT Me asking you to complete the assumption Q You accessing info and planning how to put it into you answer Writing your answer.

14. The computer analogy  In this analogy, hardware would be ________and software would be the __________________  What are inputs?  What are outputs?  Why are we not completely like computers? the brain cognitive processes

15. Example of the computer analogy Multi-Store Model of Memory (Atkinson and Shriffrin 1968) Sensory Memory Short Term Memory Long Term Memory Stimuli attention Retrieval Elaborative rehearsal Maintenance Rehearsal

16. Assessment check assumption 2 of the cognitive approach...  Complete half of the assessment question  Outline one Assumption of the Cognitive Approach (2marks)

17. 3: Psychology is a science  Scientific approach towards studying behaviour.  We can not directly observe the inner workings of the mind. However, scientific and controlled experiments allow psychologists to infer what is happening.  Laboratory studies

18. Laboratory experiment  We are going to have a go at scientifically testing memory.  You need a scrap piece of paper and a pen.  I will read out some digit strings (a set of numbers) of varying lengths, at the end of each list write down the numbers in the correct order.  I can’t repeat the list, so if you miss it, continue with the next list.

19. Digits will appear here

20. 8

21. 1

22. 3

23. 0

24. End of list

25. 2

26. 5

27. 3

28. 6

29. 8

31. 3

32. 7

33. 9

34. 2

35. 5

36. 6

38. 0

39. 7

40. 1

41. 8

42. 4

43. 5

44. 3

46. 1

47. 2

48. 7

49. 5

50. 3

51. 6

52. 3

53. 4

55. 1

56. 0

57. 8

58. 3

59. 2

60. 3

61. 7

62. 5

63. 4

65. 4

66. 6

67. 9

68. 7

69. 3

70. 4

71. 6

72. 1

73. 2

74. 7

76. Laboratory experiment  How many numbers were in your last fully correct digit string?  Collate to the board and class to work out the mean.  What can we infer about the mental process of memory from the result of our study?  How would we check to see if our results were accurate ?

77.  Differentiated learning task – Miller’s Magical Number 7+/or –2–’s Magical Number 7+/or –2  http://www.intropsych.com/ch06_memory/ magical_number_seven.html http://www.intropsych.com/ch06_memory/ magical_number_seven.html

78. Another example … cognitive research

79. Homework  Describe two assumptions of the cognitive approach (4 marks)  Remember to read the guidance