1. History of Educational Technology

2. Education During the Ancient Times
man started to use pointed sticks to in script signs and symbol on the leaves of trees and knives for the bark of trees.
At about 3100 B.C. the Egyptians devised a system for picture writing called hieroglyphics.
rise of the class known as scribes, a group of men trained in the art of writing.

3. Tomb of Queen Amonherkhepsef
In ancient Egypt, scribes used hieroglyphs to record state documents and important historical events. Hieroglyphs with religious purposes also were painted on tomb walls and wooden coffins, such as these hieroglyphs from the tomb of Queen Amonherkhepsef, located in the Valley of the Queens.
Wolfgang Kaehler/Corbis
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4. In ancient Greece, the Spartan Education emphasized the development of physical body coupled with discipline.
The boys underwent exercises and activities that promoted bodily strength, endurance and vitality. They were taught by the paidonomus, a military commander in the public barracks.
The girls on the other hand stayed by their mothers who taught them the rudiments of housekeeping and motherhood.

5. In Athens, the right of the individual to develop to the fullest is recognized.
Music schools with the kitharist
Grammar schools with the grammatist and
Gymnastics with the paedotribe

6. With the help of the Sophist, cognitive rules, systematically arranged subject matter instructional technologies and effective instructional materials were designed and implemented.

7. Education During the Medieval Era
The establishment of the Medieval University
"The word universitas originally applied only to the scholastic guild (or guilds)—that is, the corporation of students and masters—within the studium, and it was always modified, as universitas magistrorum, or universitas scholarium, or universitas magistrorum et scholarium.

9. Emperor Frederick I of Bologna in 1158 chartered the first University degrees

10. The Saracens or the Arabs among the Moors of Spain aimed to search for knowledge and the application of scientific facts to their daily lives
They originated the scientific method of teaching.

11. Education During the Renaissance Period
John Amos Comenius developed the first picture book known as the Orbis Pictus (the World in Pictures)
He was considered as the pioneer in instructional technology development

13. Maria Montessori used multi-sensory materials to teaching

14. Education During the Age of Naturalism
Jean Jacques Rousseau authored the book Emile
Aims to the preservation of natural goodness of the individual and the formation of the society based upon the recognition of individual natural rights
pointed out that the mind of a child is not merely the mind of an adult in miniature, and that it must be considered on its own terms.Microsoft ® Encarta ® © Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.

15. Pestalozzi believed that teaching is more effective if it proceeds from concrete to abstract

16. Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi
Swiss educator Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi is widely considered the pioneer of early childhood education. His teaching philosophy, which he first proposed in the 1770s, was based on the principle that children were naturally good and that education should nurture and preserve this innate innocence.
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17. Froebel, the Father of Kindergarten, emphasized the use of actual objects, which could be manipulated by the learners.

18. Freidrich Froebel
German educator Freidrich Froebel founded the first kindergarten in 1837 in Blankenburg, Prussia (now part of Germany). Froebel based his educational philosophy on a belief in the innate creativity of children. Accordingly, his kindergarten stressed that children should spend part of each day engaged in play to naturally develop their creative and intellectual potential.

19. Educational Movement in the 19th Century
Edward Lee Thorndike advanced the three primary laws of learning
Production of books, use of blackboard, pen and inks
Photography
Visual media widely accepted, 1920
Audio-visual materials

20. The Law of Readiness: When the learner becomes ready to learn
The Law of Readiness: When the learner becomes ready to learn. Sometimes if the learner is not ready, the instructor must help the student understand why he/she wants to learn. For example, an advanced organizer explains to the student what he/she is about to learn. This helps the student "get ready" to learn.
The Law of Exercise: The learner needs to practice what they have learned in order to understand and remember the learning. "Use it or lose it.“
The Law of Effect: This can either strengthen or weaken the connection of learning. The learner needs to have success in order to have more success in the future. Situations need to be designed to help promote success. The instructor needs to encourage the learner and provide feedback.

21. John Dewey
John Dewey emphasized practical ideas in both his philosophical and educational theories, always striving to show how abstract concepts could work in everyday life. He emphasized “hands-on” learning, and opposed authoritarian methods in teaching.

22. Educational films,1926
First TV instructional program,1932
16 mm sound motion picture was developed

23. Education in Contemporary Times
Computerization of the different aspects of administration and supervision
Revision and enrichment of curriculum to include courses in computer applications
Computer Aided Instructions
Internet and

24. Ancient Times
Medieval Era
Renaissance
Contemporary Times
Age of Naturalism
19th Century