1. 1 The Fritiof (FTF) Model in Geant4 V. Uzhinsky, 23.04.13 B. Andersson et al., Nucl. Phys. B281 (1987) 289; B. Nilsson-Almquist and E. Stenlund, Comp. Phys. Commun. 43 (1987) 387. FTFP_BERT Phys. List FTF model Hadronic interactions o f π, K, p, n, Λ with nucleons and nucleus Antibaryons and AntiNucleus with nucleus Nucleus with nucleus at high energies. Geant4 9.6.ref03 (2013) HIJING, UrQMD, HSD, GiBUU RHIC, d, Au + Au at Ecms= 8 – 200 GeV Content 1 The Fritiof model 2 Process cross sections 3 Results for PiP interactions 4 hA interactions a Main assumptions b Correction of interaction number c Reggeon cascading d Some results Conclusion

2. 2 The Fritiof Model B. Andersson et al., Nucl. Phys. B281 (1987) 289; B. Nilsson-Almquist and E. Stenlund, CPC 43 (1987) 387. It is assumed that all hadron-hadron interactions are binary reactions, a + b →a’ + b’ where a’ и b’ are excited states of initial hadrons a and b (m a ’> m a m b ’> m b ). Limits are different for various implementations (UrQMD, Hijing). Fragmentation models are different too. These lead to various predictions We have added a separate simulation of diffraction and quark exchanges

3. 3 Diffraction cross sections of PP interactions 1/M 2 A.B. Kaidalov, L.A. Ponomarev, K.A. Ter-Martirosyan Sov. J. Nucl. Phys. 44 (1985) 468, Yad. Fiz. 44 S. Ostapchenko, Phys. Rev. D 83, 014018 (2011) A.B. Kaidalov, M.G. Poghosyan, Eur. Phys. J. C (2010) 67: 397 Probabilities of diffractions in Fritiof are not right! The separation allows to fit the probabilities correctly. Thus, we simulate separately diffractive and non-diffractive interactions.

4. 4 Diffraction cross sections of PiP interactions Diffraction cross sections of KP interactions Quark exchange in PP interactionsQuark exchange in PiP interactionsQuark exchange in KP interactions

5. 5 Results for Pi-P interactions

6. 6 Results for Pi+P interactions Results

7. 7 Results for Pi+P interactions Pi+P, 8 GeV/c Pi+P, 16 GeV/c Pi+P, 100 GeV/c Pi+P, 175 GeV/c

8. Std FTF Low energy,Std. cascade. High energy, Std. FTF. Cascade+ FTF hA interactions 8 Glauber cross sectionAGK rules The AGK cutting rules are asymptotical ones! Correction S.Yu. Shmakov, V.V. Uzhinsky, Zeit. fur Phys. C36:77,1987. Max. cross section method: W.A. Coleman: Nucl. Sci. Eng. 32 (1968) 76 In hadron-nucleus interactions the excited hadrons can interact with other nucleons of nucleus and increases mass. The probability of multiple collisions is calculated in Glauber approach. The used variant of model Fritiof is enlarged with elastic re-scatterings of hadrons. The excited states are considered as QCD-strings and LUND model are used for their fragmentation.

9. Nmax=1, Plab=3, 5 GeV/c: Nmax=2, Plab=8 GeV/c: Nmax=3, Plab=12 Correction of interaction number 9 HARP-CDP data.

10. All O.K. with Pi-mesons!Nmax=Plab/4 (GeV/c) 10 HARP-CDP data. Correction of interaction number

11. Reggeon cascading Model of nuclear disintegration in high-energy nucleus nucleus interactions. K. Abdel-Waged, V.V. Uzhinsky Phys.Atom.Nucl.60:828-840,1997, Yad.Fiz.60:925-937,1997. Si+A, 14.7 GeV/N T – energy in ZDC Glauber approach implemented in FTF and QGS is not sufficient for a destruction of a nucleus. Thus a reggeon cascading model of nuclear destruction was applied. 11

12. Complex analysis of gold interactions with photoemulsion nuclei at 10.7- GeV/nucleon within the framework of cascade and FRITIOF models. By EMU-01 Collaboration (M.I. Adamovich et al.). 1997. Zeit. fur Phys.A358:337- 351,1997.M.I. Adamovich et al. Main parameters: Cnd, d x, p T 2 How have we to determine momentum spectra of nucleons? 12 Reggeon cascading

13. Unexpected results of the tuning! Clear signal of a transition regime! The transition takes place at Plab= 4-5 GeV/c Tuning of reggeon cascading parameters 13

14. Results – Description of the HARP-CDP exp. data All is beautiful! 14

15. Summary 1.New things are introduced in FTF for pp- and pA-interactions: a) Separate simulation of diffractive and non-diffractive interactions b) The diffraction process cross sections are estimated c) Quark exchange for simulation of binary reactions d) Correction of multiplicity of intra-nuclear collisions e) RTIM was implemented and its parameters were tuned 2. Good results are obtained for hp- and hA-interactions, especially for description of the HARP-CDP data. The description of the HARP- CDP data on hA-interactions (Be, C, Cu, Ta, Pb) is the best among other models! 3. A strong indication on transition regime realization is obtained! 4. Now FTF model is generalized for nucleus-nucleus interactions. Using it one can simulate spectator fragment yuild, meson production and low energy neutron fluence starting from few GeV/nucleon upto Ecms=200 GeV per NN collisions! 5. A simulation of anti-nucleus – nucleus interactions is implemented for the first time! 15

16. 1. Short description of the models B281 B. Andersson et al., Nucl. Phys. B281 (1987) 289; B. Nilsson-Almquist and E. Stenlund, Comp. Phys. Commun. 43 (1987) 387. 16 FRITIOF model Xin-Nian Wang and Miklos Gyulassy, Phys. Rev. D44 (1991) 3501 A corresponding program has been published in: Miklos Gyulassy and Xin- Nian Wang, Comput. Phys. Commun. 83 (1994) 307, e-Print Archive: nucl- th/9502021, New – AMPT model S. A. Bass et al., Prog. Part. Nucl. Phys. 41 (1998)225. M. Bleicher et al., J. Phys. G: Nucl. Part. Phys 25 (1999) 1859. The corresponding code at http://th.physik.uni-frankfurt.de/~urqmd/ HIJING model UrQMD model HSD model (new one, W. Cassing et al.) W. Ehehalt and W. Cassing, Nucl. Phys. A 602 (1996) 449 -486 The corresponding code at http://th.physik.unifrankfurt.de/~brat/hsd.html Some of them can be tested at special WEB-page: http://hepweb.jinr.ru/

17. Reggeon theory inspired model of nuclear destruction Model of nuclear disintegration in high-energy nucleus nucleus interactions. K. Abdel-Waged, V.V. Uzhinsky Phys.Atom.Nucl.60:828-840,1997, Yad.Fiz.60:925-937,1997. Features of p C interactions at a momentum of 4.2-GeV/c versus the degree of centrality of a collisions between protons and carbon nuclei: Multiplicity of secondary particles. A.S. Galoian, E.N. Kladnitskaya, V.V. Uzhinsky, O.V. Rogachevsky, R. Togoo Phys.Atom.Nucl.66:836-846,2003, Yad.Fiz.66:868-878,2003. Features of p C interactions at a momentum of 4.2-GeV/c versus the degree of centrality of a collision between a proton and a carbon nucleus: Kinematical features of secondaries. A.S. Galoian, E.N. Kladnitskaya, O.V. Rogachevsky, R. Togoo, V.V. Uzhinsky Phys.Atom.Nucl.67:256-272,2004, Yad.Fiz.67:273-289,2004. Multiplicity fluctuations of particles produced in interactions of light nuclei with carbon nuclei at a momentum of 4.2-A-GeV/c and their theoretical interpretation. A.S. Galoian, E. Kladnitskaya, V. Uzhinsky JETP Lett.86:630-633,2008, Pisma Zh.Eksp.Teor.Fiz.86:718-721,2008. 17

18. Diffraction cross sections of pp interactions Description of baryon spectra is the problem in all MC models Fragmentation of diffractive strings Diffractive produced strings have simple longitudinal structure! 18

19. NA49 Collaboration (C. Alt et al.), Eur. Phys. J., C49 (2007) 897. 19

20. Description of NA61 data on p+C at 31 GeV/c 20

21. Description of CERN-SPS data on pA->pX, 120 GeV/c 21

22. Validation of FTF model at RHIC energies All O.K. 22

23. Validation of FTF model at RHIC energies All O.K. 23

24. Validation of FTF model at RHIC energies All O.K. 24

25. Validation of FTF model at RHIC energies All O.K. 25

26. Validation of FTF model at RHIC energies All O.K. 26

27. Validation of FTF model at RHIC energies All O.K. 27

28. 28