1. + Respiratory System Chapter 12

2. + Key Terms Apnea Bradypnea Chronic Cilia Dysphagia Dyspnea Eupnea Expiration Inspiration Mediastinum Phlegm Pulmonary Respiratory Tachypnea

3. + Terminology Bronchitis: Inflammation of the bronchus Laryngitis: Inflammation of the voice box (larynx) Pleuritis: Inflammation of the lining of the lung Pneumonectomy: Removal of the lung Tonsillitis: Inflammation of the tonsils Tracheotomy: Incision into the windpipe (trachea)

4. + Structure and Function of The Respiratory System Brings oxygen into the body through the breathing process Inspiration: inhaling air O 2 in Expiration: exhaling air CO 2 out Exchange gases between blood and lungs Help regulate body temperature Helps to maintain blood’s electrolyte balance

5. + Processes of Respiration Step 1: External respiration, or ventilation Brings oxygen to the lungs Step 2: Internal respiration Exchanges oxygen and carbon dioxide between blood and body cells Step 3: Cellular respiration Changes acid produced during metabolism into harmless chemicals in the cells

6. + Pathway

7. + Structure and Function of The Respiratory System Nasal Cavity: Hairs called cilia to filter foreign particles Warms and moistens air Oral cavity: Tonsils and adenoids help resist infection Sinuses: hollow spaces that open to the nasal cavity Regulate temperature of air Chambers of vibration; vocal resonance(sound quality) Pharynx: Throat Larynx: Voice box Trachea: Windpipe

8. + Structure and Function of The Respiratory System Bronchi: Branches off the trachea entering each lung Bronchioles: Small branches of the bronchi deeper in the lungs Both lined with phlegm Catch dust and germs Alveoli: Sacs at the end of the bronchioles Pleura: Membrane surrounding each lung 2 layers Diaphragm: Flat muscle contracts during inhalation and relaxes during exhalitation

9. + Respiratory Rate Eupnea: Normal; 14-20 Dyspnea: Painful or difficult respiration Tachypnea: Abnormal rate > 24 Bradypnea: Abnormal rate <10

10. + Lung Volume Respiratory Capacity: Amount of air that can be brought into the lungs Lung Volume Lung Capacity: depends on age and physical condition Vital Capacity: Includes Tidal Volume, inspiratory reserve and expiratory reserve Tidal Volume: amount of air normally exchanged with each cycle of inspiration and expiration Inspiratory reserve: an additional amount of air that can be inhaled with conscious effort Expiratory Reserve: An additional amount of air the person can exhale beyond the normal amount Residual Volume: Certain amount of air always in the lungs to maintain its shape