2. 1914-1918: The World at War 1914-1918: The World at War

3. Causes of the War

4. The Major Players: 1914-17 Nicholas II [Rus] George V [Br] Pres. Poincare [Fr] Allied Powers: Franz Josef [A-H] Wilhelm II [Ger] Central Powers: Enver Pasha [Turkey] 1. Alliances

5. Europe in 1914

6. 2. Militarism & Arms Race 187018801890190019101914 94130154268289398 Total Defense Expenditures for the Great Powers [Ger., A-H, It., Fr., Br., Rus.] in millions of £s. 1910-1914 Increase in Defense Expenditures France10% Britain13% Russia39% Germany73%

7. 3. Economic & Imperial Rivalries

8. 4. Aggressive Nationalism

9. The Balkans, 1914 The “Powder Keg” of Europe

10. The “ Spark ”

11. Archduke Franz Ferdinand & His Family

12. The Assassination: Sarajevo

13. The Assassin: Gavrilo Princip Gavrilo Princip

14. Mobilization It's a long way to Tipperary, It's a long way to go; It's a long way to go; It's a long way to Tipperary, It's a long way to Tipperary, To the sweetest girl I know! To the sweetest girl I know! Goodbye, Piccadilly, Goodbye, Piccadilly, Farewell, Leicester Square, Farewell, Leicester Square, It's a long, long way to Tipperary, It's a long, long way to Tipperary, But my heart's right there! But my heart's right there! It's a long way to Tipperary, It's a long way to go; It's a long way to Tipperary, To the sweetest girl I know! Goodbye, Piccadilly, Farewell, Leicester Square, It's a long, long way to Tipperary, But my heart's right there!  Home by Christmas!  No major war in 50 years!  Nationalism! HHHHome by Christmas! NNNNo major war in 50 years! NNNNationalism!

15. Recruitment Posters

16. Recruits of the Central Powers Austro- Hungarians A German Soldier Says Farewell to His Mother

17. New French Recruits

18. A German Boy Pretends to Be a Soldier

20. French Women Factory Workers

21. German Women Factory Workers

22. A Woman Ambulance Driver

23. Red Cross Nurses

24. Russian Women Soldiers

25. Spies e “Mata Hari” e Real Name: Margareetha Geertruide Zelle e German Spy! e “Mata Hari” e Real Name: Margareetha Geertruide Zelle e German Spy!

26. Posters: Wartime Propaganda

27. Australian Poster

28. American Poster

29. Financing the War

30. German Poster Think of Your Children!

31. The Western Front: A “ War of Attrition ”

32. A Multi-Front War

33. The Western Front

34. Trench Warfare

35. “No Man’s Land”

36. Verdun – February, 1916 e German offensive. e Each side had 500,000 casualties. e German offensive. e Each side had 500,000 casualties.

37. The Somme – July, 1916 e 60,000 British soldiers killed in one day. e Over 1,000,000 killed in 5 months. e 60,000 British soldiers killed in one day. e Over 1,000,000 killed in 5 months.

38. War Is HELL !!

39. Sacrifices in War

40. Krupp’s “Big Bertha” Gun

41. The War of the Industrial Revolution: New Technology

42. French Renault Tank

43. British Tank at Ypres

44. U-Boats

45. Allied Ships Sunk by U-Boats

46. The Airplane “Squadron Over the Brenta” Max Edler von Poosch, 1917

47. The Flying Aces of World War I Eddie Rickenbacher, US Francesco Barraco, It. Rene Pauk Fonck, Fr. Manfred von Richtoffen, Ger. [The “Red Baron”] Willy Coppens de Holthust, Belg. Eddie “Mick” Mannoch, Br.

48. Curtis-Martin U. S. Aircraft Plant

49. The Zeppelin

50. Flame Throwers Grenade Launchers

51. Poison Gas Machine Gun

52. 1918 Flu Pandemic: Depletes All Armies 50,000,000 – 100,000,000 died 50,000,000 – 100,000,000 died

53. 11 a.m., November 11, 1918 The Armistice is Signed!

54. 9,000,000 Dead 9,000,000 Dead

55. The Somme American Cemetary, France 116,516 Americans Died

56. World War I Casualties

57. Turkish Genocide Against Armenians A Portent of Future Horrors to Come!

58. Turkish Genocide Against Armenians Districts & Vilayets of Western Armenia in Turkey 19141922 Erzerum215,0001,500 Van197,000500 Kharbert204,00035,000 Diarbekir124,0003,000 Bitlis220,00056,000 Sivas225,00016,800 Other Armenian-populated Sites in Turkey Western Anatolia371,80027,000 Cilicia and Northern Syria309,00070,000 European Turkey194,000163,000 Trapizond District73,39015,000 Total 2,133,190387,800