1. Ohio Formation, State Government, Constitution, and Miscellaneous Facts

2. Formation of Ohio

3. Ohio was once a part of the Northwest Territory

4. The Land Ordinance of 1785  The ordinance discussed how the government would measure, divide, and distribute the land it had acquired from Great Britain at the end of the American Revolution.  The land was divided and put up for sale to settlers, because the government was having money problems due to the war.  Division of Land: divided into townships or city is 36 square miles, which were then divided into one- square mile.  Each section received a number, and Section 16 was reserved only for public schools.  This was right in the middle of the town, so that all children could go to school and make it required.

5. How It Looks!

6. The Northwest Ordinance of 1787

7.  This was a means of states joining the union through the admission process.  The government wanted to admit new states, instead of expanding the existing states.  It includes the land in Michigan, Indiana, Wisconsin, Ohio, and Illinois.  Requirements  to have a population of at least 60,000  to have a governor, secretary, and three judges  To include a bill of rights  a drafted states constitution

8. Ohio’s Journey to Statehood

9. Becoming a State  On February 19, 1803 Congress passed an act stating that the citizens of Ohio had adopted a constitution in accordance with the 1802 enabling act and the said state had become one of the United States of America.  The Ohio General Assembly met for the first time in Chillicothe on March 1, 1803, the date Ohioans now celebrate as Statehood Day.

10. State Capitals  Chillicothe: 1803 - 1809  Zanesville: 1809 - 1812  Chillicothe: 1812 - 1816  Columbus: 1816 - present

11. Ohio’s Constitutions *By law voters have the right to vote on whether or not to create a new constitution every 20 years

12. Constitution of 1802  Created in order for Ohio to become an official state in the U.S.  Known as a “weak” document giving much of the power to the General Assembly (Ohio’s congress) and little to the judicial and executive branch  Replaced in 1851 with a new constitution

13. Constitution of 1851  Original constitution led to much corruption throughout the state and through laws passed in the General Assembly  Convention to draft new constitution addressed the issue of checks and balances within the state government  New Constitution would evenly distribute power amongst the branches  Structure of the Ohio government currently follows this constitution

14. Constitution of 1912  Constitutional convention created a series of amendments that were progressively based (trying to rid the government of corruption)  Did not create a new constitution but added 33 new amendments to the Ohio constitution. *Amendments are not numerically labeled in the Ohio Constitution.

15. State Government State has 3 branches of government

17. The Executive Branch  Headed by Governor of Ohio  John Kasich  Lieutenant Governor (like the VP)  Mary Taylor  Secretary of State (elections, business in Ohio, all records)  Treasurer (in charge of the money)  Auditor (watchdog for the state)  Attorney General (state lawyer)  State Board of Education (torturers)

18. U.S. Presidents from Ohio  William Henry Harrison  Ulysses S. Grant  Rutherford B. Hayes  James A. Garfield  Benjamin Harrison  William McKinley  William H. Taft  Warren G. Harding

19. The Judicial Branch  Three Levels in Ohio  Court of Common Pleas  District Court System  Ohio Supreme Court  Supreme Court Justices  Must retire by age 70  Elected to 6-year terms on a non- partisan ballot

20. The Legislative Branch  Two House Congress— called the General Assembly (it’s the 131 st )  Senators: 33  Representatives: 99  Meet at the State House (Executive Branch offices are on the first floor)

21. Miscellaneous Facts about Ohio

22. The Beginnings  Name came from the Iroquois word ohi-yo  Means “great river” or “large creek”  Admitted in 1803  Considered a Midwestern State  Known as the Buckeye State

23. Breakdown of Ohio  88 counties in Ohio  Ashtabula is Ohio’s largest county with 711 square miles  Lake is Ohio’s smallest county with 232 square miles  Cities:  #1. Columbus – 787,033  #2. Cleveland – 396,815  #3. Cincinnati – 296,943  #4. Toledo – 287,208  #10. Lorain – 64,097  #14. Elyria – 54,533

24. Compared to Other States…  34th largest state in the United States  17th state admitted into the Union  Ranked 7 th among the 50 state in population

25. Our Flag  Accepted in 1902  The triangles formed on the flag represent the hills and valleys  Stripes represent the roads and waterways  13 stars represent original 13 states in the Union  Circles represents the Northwest Territory

26. State Emblems  State Bird  Cardinal  State Flower  Carnation  State Insect  Ladybug  State Animal  White-tailed Deer  State Tree  Buckeye  State Rock Song  Hang on Sloopy  State Seal  illustrates Ohio’s diverse geography  In the background stands Mount Logan and the Scioto River  In the freshly harvested wheat field stands a wheat bushel and 17 arrows since we’re the 17th state in the Union  The sun has 13 rays protruding outward, representing the original 13 colonies.

27. Why Visit Ohio?  Cedar Point  Serpent Mound  Lake Erie  Ohio Stadium – the “Horseshoe”  Rock and Roll Hall of Fame  Kings Island

28. Compare & Contrast: The two Constitutions U.S. Constitution  Contains a Bill of Rights with 10 amendment  Does not provide a line of succession to the presidency  Created by the Presidential Succession Act of 1947  5 th amendment in the U.S. Constitution allows government to practice eminent domain (Government can take private property through the necessary procedure) Ohio Constitution  Contains a Bill of Rights with 21 rights  Contains a line of succession for the governor  Article 1, Section 19 gives the State of Ohio the right to practice eminent domain, within state borders

29. U.S. Constitution  Presidential cabinet is addressed in Article 11, Section 2  Supreme Court Justices are appointed by the President  The citizens of the U.S. are allowed to petition the government (right given in the 1 st amendment) Ohio Constitution  An executive cabinet is not mentioned specifically in the Ohio Constitution  Although, the governor has one  Justices of the Supreme Court are elected  Right to petition the government given in the Ohio Constitution Bill of Rights

30. U.S. Constitution  Did not immediately outlaw slavery (would come later in a constitutional amendment)  8 th Amendment protects you from cruel & unusual punishments AND excessive bail  Protects citizens from forcibly quartering troops Ohio Constitution  Outlawed slavery immediately  BoR protects you from cruel & unusual punishments AND excessive bail  Also protects you from forcibly quartering troops

31. U.S. Constitution  States that any unwritten powers remain with the people (10 th Amendment)  Created a bicameral legislative branch  In the impeachment process, trial is conducted by the Senate  Gave women the right to vote ( 19 th amendment ) Ohio Constitution  Rights not mentioned belong with Ohio citizens (Article 1, Section 20)  Create a bicameral general assembly (Ohio’s version of Congress)  Senators hold the trial of impeachment for the governor  Did not give women the right to vote (women finally obtained the right to vote with the 19 th amendment to the U.S. Constitution.

32. U.S. Constitution  Provides no regulations for citizens showing mental illness  Legislators in Congress have age requirements  Executive office (President) has a four year term  President is commander-in-chief of the military  The phrase “Life, liberty, and happiness” is not included in U.S. Constitution Ohio Constitution  Institutions for the insane, blind, deaf, and dumb are established by the state (Article 7)  Legislators in Ohio have no age requirement  Governor holds a four year term, once elected  Governor is commander-in-chief of the state militia  Ohio Constitution states the “life, liberty, and happiness” right for citizens, according to Article I

33. U.S. Constitution  Does not provide provisions for a militia, only a military  Census is required every 10 years for apportionment of representatives  Supreme Court justices serve life terms  Article II Section 3 states the President must address Congress about the state of the union Ohio Constitution  Provides for a state militia  Census is required for the state of Ohio every ten years  Ohio Supreme Court justices must retire by the age of 70  Governor of Ohio is to let the general assembly, and citizens, know the state of the union (Ohio)

34. U.S. Constitution  U.S. Constitution provides for a set number of senators  Does not state in the U.S. Constitution where the “seat of government” is at  Power to determine lottery issues is left up to the state Ohio Constitution  Ohio Constitution provides for a set number of senators  Article 15 states that “Columbus shall be the seat of government”  Prohibits lotteries in Article 15  But Congress can allow it, if approved