1. The Physical Geography of Europe and Russia

2. Landforms (4 major regions):
Northwest Highlands: rugged hills & low mountains, Iberian Peninsula is part of this (fjords)
Northern European Plain: broad coastal plain (from coast of France to Urals)
Central Uplands: hills, small plateaus & fertile valleys
Alpine Mountains System: includes a series of ranges that stretch across Europe

3. Mountain Ranges:
Alpine Mountain System – across southern Europe to the Balkan Peninsula
Ranges such as the Alps, Apennines, Pyrenees, and Carpathians make-up this system (cover most of Switzerland and Austria – parts of Italy and France).

4. Mountain Ranges: Ural Mountains Divide the region
Areas west are part of Europe, to the east, Asia

5. Peninsulas: The Northern Peninsulas:
Scandinavian Peninsula = Norway and Sweden
Fjords: long, steep-sided
glacial valley now filled
by seawater
Jutland = Denmark

6. Peninsulas (cont.): The Southern Peninsulas:
Iberian Peninsula = Spain and Portugal (semi-arid plateau)
Apennine Peninsula = Italy (mountainous)
Balkan Peninsula = former Yugoslav republics, Greece, Bulgaria, Romania, and Turkey - very mountainous

7. Scandinavian Peninsula

8. Iberian Peninsula
Apennine Peninsula

9. Major Water Features:
Mediterranean Sea: lies to the south of Europe (connected to the Black Sea and Bosporus)
North Sea: along the shores of northern Europe (south of the Scandinavian Peninsula & northeast of the British Isles) – key for trading and fishing
Atlantic Ocean: lies to the west of the European continent

10. Water Features:

11. Rivers:
Rhine – most important river in western Europe – flows from Switzerland to the North Sea
Danube – flows 1,776 miles from Germany to the Black Sea
Thames – allows oceangoing ships to reach the port of London
Rhone – runs through Switzerland and France towards Lake Geneva

12. Rivers of the Region: The Rhone
The Danube near the Romanian – Siberian border
The River Thames

13. The Volga River:
Located in the southwestern part of Russia near Volgograd
South flowing river
Plays a major role in
the shipping industry
as well as a source of
hydroelectric power

14. Siberia:
is a vast region on the eastern and North-Eastern part of Russia
It extends eastward from the Ural Mountains to the Pacific Ocean, and southward from the Arctic Ocean to the hills of north-central Kazakhstan and the national borders of both Mongolia and China

15. Siberia: