1. Copyright © 2012, 2009, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved Presentations Prepared by: Kim Higgs The University of North Dakota

2. Copyright © 2012, 2009, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved Chapter 11 Delivering Your Speech This multimedia product and its contents are protected under copyright law. The following are prohibited by law: · any public performances or display, including transmission of any image over a network; · preparation of any derivative work, including the extraction, in whole or in part, of any images; · any rental, lease, or lending of the program.

3. Copyright © 2012, 2009, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved “Speak the speech, I pray you, as I pronounced it to you, trippingly on the tongue.” - William Shakespeare

4. Copyright © 2012, 2009, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved The Power of Speech Delivery Delivery is important Not just what is said, but how it is said Nonverbal Communication Communication other than written or spoken that creates meaning

5. Copyright © 2012, 2009, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved The Power of Speech Delivery 65% of a message’s meaning is based on nonverbals Nonverbal Expectancy Theory - Speakers can lose credibility if delivery disappoints listeners Emotional Contagion - Emotions can spread to listeners When nonverbals and verbals contradict, listeners believe nonverbals more

6. Copyright © 2012, 2009, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved Methods of Delivery ManuscriptReading from a prepared speech Advantage: accurate when talking about sensitive issues. Disadvantage: takes considerable skill and practice MemorizedGiven from memory without notes Advantage: strong eye contact. Disadvantage: could forget & sound “stiff.” ImpromptuGiven Without preparation Advantage: sounding informal & stronger eye-contact. Disadvantage: can be poorly organized; limited research. ExtemporaneousPrepared speaking with limited notes Advantage: spontaneous, polished. Disadvantage: requires preparation & skill to deliver.

7. Copyright © 2012, 2009, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved Characteristics of Effective Speech Delivery Good eye contact Appropriate gestures Meaningful movement Appropriate posture Strong facial expression Effective vocal delivery Appropriate personal appearance

8. Copyright © 2012, 2009, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved Good Eye Contact Establish with entire audience Connect with people Do not look above heads Vary naturally, not mechanically

9. Copyright © 2012, 2009, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved Appropriate Gestures Use of hands to emphasize key ideas Functions of gestures –Repeat: illustrate –Contradict: oppose –Substitute: replace –Complement: enhance –Emphasize: accentuate –Regulate: control

10. Copyright © 2012, 2009, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved Appropriate Gestures Natural Definite / have a purpose Consistent with your message Varied and versatile Not overdone – audience should focus on message Coordinate with what you say Appropriate to the audience and situation

11. Copyright © 2012, 2009, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved Meaningful Movement Controlled Made with a purpose Creates closeness with the audience Highlights transitions Is not overdone

12. Copyright © 2012, 2009, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved Appropriate Posture Stand up straight and don’t slouch! Enhances credibility Intensifies emotions Adjusts to the occasion –Informal (more relaxed) –Formal (more professional)

13. Copyright © 2012, 2009, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved Strong Facial Expression Sets emotional tone of the message Should reflect the message Should be sincere Remember: Listeners see your face before hearing your words

14. Copyright © 2012, 2009, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved Effective Vocal Delivery Adequate volume Clear articulation Non-distracting dialect Standard pronunciation Display vocal variety

15. Copyright © 2012, 2009, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved Articulation Weak articulationStrong articulation 1.“Wanna” 2.“Lemme” 3.“Whadayado” 4.“Seeya” 5.“Soun” 1.“Want to” 2.“Let me” 3.“What do you do” 4.“See you” 5.“Sound” Copyright © 2012, 2009, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved

16. Dialect Dialect: pronunciation related to an ethnic group or geographical region They are generally okay, as long as content is not distracting DistractingNon-distracting 1. “Earl” (New York) 2. “Cuber” (Boston) 3. “Aboat” (Midwest) 1. “Oil” 2. “Cuba” 3. “About” Copyright © 2012, 2009, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved

17. Pronunciation Pronunciation: use of sounds to form words clearly and accurately Work to prolong sounds that can get mispronounced Weak pronunciationStrong pronunciation 1.“Febuary” 2.“Actchally” 3.“Aks” 1.“February" 2.“Actually” 3.“Ask” Copyright © 2012, 2009, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved

18. Effective Vocal Delivery Vocal variety: diverse qualities of voice Vary pitch, inflections, rate and pauses Pitch: highness & lowness of voice Inflections: raising or lowering pitch Rate: how fast or slow you speak Pauses: use of silence Avoid vocalized pauses (uh, um, er)

19. Copyright © 2012, 2009, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved Appropriate Personal Appearance Depends on –Climate –Custom –Culture –Audience Do not violate audience expectations for your appearance

20. Copyright © 2012, 2009, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved Audience Diversity and Delivery Adapt verbals & nonverbals for culturally diverse audiences Avoid ethnocentrism Use less dramatic style for high-context listeners Consult speakers who have spoken to your audience Monitor your immediacy and emotional expression Make sure verbals & nonverbals do not offend listeners.

21. Copyright © 2012, 2009, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved Rehearsing Your Speech: Some Final Tips Finish speaking outline at least two days before speech Rehearse out loud Time your speech Prepare speaking notes Rehearse while standing Present to others, to develop eye contact Tape-record or videotape rehearsals Rehearse with presentation aids Recreate actual speaking situation Practice good speaking skills

22. Copyright © 2012, 2009, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved Delivering Your Speech Get plenty of sleep the night before Be familiar with your introduction and conclusion Act calm to feel calm Arrive early Visualize being successful with your audience

23. Copyright © 2012, 2009, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved Responding to Questions Delivery becomes impromptu Anticipate questions Repeat or rephrase question Stay on message Respond to entire audience Begin Q & A session by asking yourself a challenging question Listen with out judgments

24. Copyright © 2012, 2009, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved Responding to Questions Neutralize hostile questions Dress for success Admit when you don’t know the answer Make answers short and to the point Use signposts (first, second…) Notify when Q & A is going to end