1. Latin Alphabet and Pronunciation

2. Alphabet The Latin alphabet is the same as the English alphabet except The Latin alphabet is the same as the English alphabet except  W is missing  K, Y, and Z appear in words of Greek origin (kappa, upsilon, and zeta) and are rare.

3. Vowels are either short or long SHORT SHORT  a as in alike ab, ac, ad, at, amat ab, ac, ad, at, amat  e as in pet ex, et, nec, sed, bene ex, et, nec, sed, bene  i as in pit in, quis, dissimilis in, quis, dissimilis  o as in often ob, mox, tot, quod ob, mox, tot, quod  u as in put sub, ut, tuus, tumultus sub, ut, tuus, tumultus LONG LONG  ā as in father ā, fās, vās, hāc, pāx ā, fās, vās, hāc, pāx  ē as in obey ē, dē, nē, rēx, dēns ē, dē, nē, rēx, dēns  ī as in seen sī, sīc, quī, hī, vīdī sī, sīc, quī, hī, vīdī  ō as in stove dō, mōs, prō, nōn, ōrō dō, mōs, prō, nōn, ōrō  ū as in rule tū, plūs, dūc, rūs, ūsū tū, plūs, dūc, rūs, ūsū

4. Diphthongs are a combo of two vowels to make a single sound 1.ae like aye prae, laetae, aegrae, aequae, aetāsprae, laetae, aegrae, aequae, aetās 2.au like ow in now aut, aurum, laudō, paulō, gaudiumaut, aurum, laudō, paulō, gaudium 3.ei like ay in gray deindein 4.eu like e-oo, said as one syllable ceu, heu, Eurōpa, Teutonīceu, heu, Eurōpa, Teutonī 5.oe like oy in joy poena, proelium, foedus, moeniapoena, proelium, foedus, moenia 6.ui like uee in queen huic, cui, huihuic, cui, hui

5. Watch out for these consonants! Letter c is hard like cap, not city. Letter c is hard like cap, not city. Letters ch is hard like character, not chariot. Letters ch is hard like character, not chariot.  th, ph, & rh can be aspirated as in Mat-hilda. Letter g is hard like go, not gem. Letter g is hard like go, not gem. Letter i is not only a vowel, but as a consonant it is like y in youth. Letter i is not only a vowel, but as a consonant it is like y in youth. It is optional to roll/trill the r in the middle of a word. It is optional to roll/trill the r in the middle of a word. Letter s as in sit, not busy. Letter s as in sit, not busy. Letters su as in suave, not super. Letters su as in suave, not super. Letter v is pronounced like w like wet. Letter v is pronounced like w like wet.

6. Follow along with me arēna arēna campus campus chorus chorus iam iam philosophus philosophus Athēnae Athēnae pulchra pulchra silva silva patientia patientia via via Gallia Gallia mālum mālum malum malum Caesar Caesar schola schola rosa rosa toga toga cēnsus cēnsus gēns gēns Cicerō Cicerō iūs iūs agricola agricola Themis Themis vōx vōx quī quī quis quis SHORT SHORT  a as in idea  e as in bet  i as in sit  o as in omit  u as in put LONG LONG  ā as in father  ē as in rave  ī as in team  ō as in note  ū as in moon DIPHTHONGS DIPHTHONGS  ae as in aye  au as in now  ei as in gray  eu as in e-ū, said as one syllable  oe as in joy  ui as in uee in queen

7. Pleasantries Salvē, magistra! (magister = masculine) Salvē, magistra! (magister = masculine) Salvēte, discipulī! Salvēte, discipulī! Quid agis? (agitis = plural) Quid agis? (agitis = plural) Bene, grātiās. Et tū? Bene, grātiās. Et tū? Optimē, grātiās./Satis bene, grātiās. Optimē, grātiās./Satis bene, grātiās. Valē, magistra. (magister) Valē, magistra. (magister) Valēte, discipulī. Valēte, discipulī.

8. Pleasantries Quid nōmen tibi est? Quid nōmen tibi est? Mihi nōmen est __________. Mihi nōmen est __________. Sī tibi placet. / Quaesō. Sī tibi placet. / Quaesō. Grātiās tibi ago. Grātiās tibi ago. Est gratum mihi. / Nihil est. Est gratum mihi. / Nihil est. Mihi ignōsce. Mihi ignōsce. Salūtā! Salūtā! Sīc. Sīc. Minimē. Minimē.