1. Approaches to teaching English The differences between EAP and General EFL Louis Rogers

2. Not yet in business.: meeting the needs of pre-work learners. Louis Rogers. 19112011 2 What are the needs of pre-work learners? Common needs Text selection Academic reading skills Grammar Vs Lexical approach Academic writing skills

3. Aims/needs of pre-work learners Presentation name Presenter Name and Date 3

4. Aims/Needs of pre-work learners To enhance their CV To get a job not do a job Not yet in business: meeting the needs of pre-work learners. Louis Rogers. 19112011 4

5. Aims/Needs of pre-work learners To deal with academic subjects in English To prepare to study abroad To pass exams Presentation name Presenter Name and Date 5

6. Speaking Presentation name Presenter Name and Date 6

7. Speaking Not yet in business: meeting the needs of pre-work learners. Louis Rogers. 19112011 7 ‘Personally I think …’ ‘In my opinion…’ ‘From my point of view…’ ‘Absolutely’ ‘According to X…’ ‘Yes, but…’

8. Speaking Not yet in business: meeting the needs of pre-work learners. Louis Rogers. 19112011 8 ‘Moving onto our third point…’ ‘First, I’m going to…’ ‘I’d like to begin by…’ ‘As you can see…’ ‘Thanks for listening…’ ‘Feel free to ask questions…’

9. Speaking Discuss readings= Discuss a report Lead a debate= Chair a meeting Reporting research findings = Reporting on a project Presenting a research = Presenting a business plan proposal Not yet in business: meeting the needs of pre-work learners. Louis Rogers. 19112011 9

10. Listening Presentation name Presenter Name and Date 10

11. Listening Lengthy monologues Conferences = lectures Interactive dialogues Seminar = meeting Not yet in business: meeting the needs of pre-work learners. Louis Rogers. 19112011 11

12. Listening Passive skills into productive output Making notes Preparing questions Presentation name Presenter Name and Date 12

13. Skills Balance Presentation name Presenter Name and Date 13

14. Differing needs and aims Speaking and ListeningVs.Reading and Writing Writing Emails – functional Vs. pivotal Essays – academic style, vocabulary, grammar Reading Audience, purpose, organisation, rhetorical functions Range of learning focuses Long and dense Not yet in business: meeting the needs of pre-work learners. Louis Rogers. 19112011 14

15. Reading skills Presentation name Presenter Name and Date 15

16. Text selection Authentic academic genres Drawn from degree study Clause and sentence length Word frequency Not yet in business: meeting the needs of pre-work learners. Louis Rogers. 19112011 16

17. Academic reading skills Native speakers 300wpm Non-native intermediate learners 60wpm Correlation between reading speed and comprehension First language reading –less conscious Can be taught and learnt Not yet in business: meeting the needs of pre-work learners. Louis Rogers. 19112011 17

18. Academic reading skills Predicting Text navigation Skimming for main ideas Scanning for key words Global understanding Main points Not yet in business: meeting the needs of pre-work learners. Louis Rogers. 19112011 18

19. Academic reading skills Select and evaluate sources Specific questions in mind Author purpose Student purpose Critical reading Reading into writing Not yet in business: meeting the needs of pre-work learners. Louis Rogers. 19112011 19

20. Grammar Vs. Lexis Presentation name Presenter Name and Date 20

21. Grammar Vs. Lexis Yes, and if the project fails we have no chance of becoming market leader. Conversation high density of verbs verb : noun ratio = roughly 1:1 adverbs linked to verbs = highest frequency Not yet in business: meeting the needs of pre-work learners. Louis Rogers. 19112011 21

22. Grammar Vs. Lexis A relative share of 0.8 means that the product achieves 80 per cent of the market leader’s sales volume (or value). Academic prose high density of nouns verb : noun ratio = roughly 1:4 adjectives linked to nouns = highest frequency Presentation name Presenter Name and Date 22

23. Grammar Vs. Lexis Function word classes Conversation Pronouns = 160,000 per million Academic prose Pronouns = 40,000 per million Not yet in business: meeting the needs of pre-work learners. Louis Rogers. 19112011 23

24. Grammar Vs. Lexis Tense Present tense Present very common in conversation and academic prose. current states true regardless of time Aspect Progressive and perfect conversation/fiction/news 95% simple in academic prose Not yet in business: meeting the needs of pre-work learners. Louis Rogers. 19112011 24

25. Syllabus implications Tenses decrease in importance Lexically driven 80% – 98% lexical coverage Collocations/chunks come to the fore Not yet in business: meeting the needs of pre-work learners. Louis Rogers. 19112011 25

26. Writing Skills Presentation name Presenter Name and Date 26

27. Academic writing skills Aim Express complex ideas to a non-expert How? Analyse and understand the question Describe Kotter’s leadership theory. Evaluate Kotter’s leadership theory. Not yet in business: meeting the needs of pre-work learners. Louis Rogers. 19112011 27

28. Academic writing skills Inform opinion with research Summarise Paraphrase Quote synthesis Not yet in business: meeting the needs of pre-work learners. Louis Rogers. 19112011 28

29. Conclusion Presentation name Presenter Name and Date 29

30. Conclusion Business English courses meet many needs Reading texts have multiple aims Text length and density requires skills development Shift towards a lexical approach Argument, evidence and structure in writing Not yet in business: meeting the needs of pre-work learners. Louis Rogers. 19112011 30

31. Questions??? Not yet in business: meeting the needs of pre-work learners. Louis Rogers. 19112011 31

32. Bibliography Alexander, O, Argent S and Spencer, J. (2008). EAP Essentials: A teacher’s guide to principles and practice. Reading: Garnet Publishing. Biber, D, Conrad, S and Leech, G. (2002). Student Grammar of Spoken and Written English. Longman: Harlow. Duckworth, M and Turner, R. (2007). Business Result: Upper Intermediate student’s book. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Jordan, R, R. (1998). English for Academic Purposes: A guide and resource book for teachers. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Hughes, J and Naunton, J. (2007). Business Result: Intermediate student’s book. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Presentation name Presenter Name and Date 32

33. Coffee l.j.rogers@reading.ac.uk Not yet in business: meeting the needs of pre-work learners. Louis Rogers. 19112011 33