1. CHAPTER 8 Deviance and Social Control
Sociology
4/28/2017
CHAPTER 8 Deviance and Social Control
Section 1: Deviance
Section 2: Crime
Chapter 8

2. Objectives: Section 1: Deviance
Explain the nature and social functions of deviance.
Compare the theories that have been proposed to explain deviance.

3. Nature of Deviance Section 1: Deviance
Because there are so many norms governing behavior, occasional violations are unavoidable
What is considered deviant varies from society to society

4. Social Functions of Deviance
Section 1: Deviance
Social Functions of Deviance
Clarifying Norms – defines the boundaries of acceptable behavior
Unifying the Group – serves to draw the line between conforming members of society and “outsiders” – the nonconforming members
Diffusing Tension – acts that allow individuals to relieve tension without disrupting the basic fabric of society

5. Social Functions of Deviance
Section 1: Deviance
Social Functions of Deviance
(continued)
4. Promoting Social Change – can help prompt social change by identifying problem areas
5. Providing Jobs – provides legitimate jobs for a wide range of people

6. Theories of Deviance Section 1: Deviance
Functionalists – as the natural outgrowth of the values, norms, and structures of society
Conflict Theorists – as a result of competition and social inequality
Interactionists – as either natural in people with weak ties to the community (control theory), as a learned behavior (cultural transmission theory), or as a label (labeling theory)

7. Deviance SECTION 1 Perspective Theory Questions Functionalist
How do individuals respond to culturally approved goals and the legitimate means of achieving them? (conformity, innovation, ritualism, retreatism, rebellion)
Strain
Conflict
What is the result of competition and social inequality? (deviance) Who decides what is deviant? (ruling classes)
Interactionist
Why do people conform to norms? (The strength of social ties determines conformity.)
Control
How do people learn conformity or deviance? (through socialization, or interaction with others) Where does this learning mainly occur? (primary groups)
Cultural Transmission
How do people become identified as deviant? (through secondary deviance, or being labeled as deviant)
Labeling

8. Objectives: Section 2: Crime
Identify the principal types of crime in the United States.
Explain the characteristics of the American criminal-justice system.

9. Principal Types of Crime in the U.S.
Section 2: Crime
Principal Types of Crime in the U.S.
Violent Crime – includes murder, robbery; most victims are African Americans
Robbery- larceny from the person or presence of another by violence or threat.
Crime Against Property – includes burglary, larceny, vehicle theft; more common than violent crimes.
Burglary- the act of breaking and entering a dwelling at night to commit a felony
Felony- a crime for which the punishment in federal law may be death or imprisonment for mote than one year.
Larceny- the unlawful taking and removal of another person's property.
Victimless Crime – includes prostitution, gambling, illegal drug use; offender is the only victim

10. Principal Types of Crime in the U.S.
Section 2: Crime
Principal Types of Crime in the U.S.
(continued)
White Collar Crime – committed by high-status individuals in the course of their professions; includes fraud, tax evasion, embezzlement
Organized Crime – the pursuit of crime as a big business
Bernie Madoff

11. SECTION 2
Crime
Question:
What are some characteristics of the American criminal-justice system?

12. AMERICAN CRIMINAL-JUSTICE SYSTEM
SECTION 2
Crime
AMERICAN CRIMINAL-JUSTICE SYSTEM
Police
Have the most control over who is arrested for crimes.
The use of police discretion, has raised the controversial issue of racial profiling

13. AMERICAN CRIMINAL-JUSTICE SYSTEM
SECTION 2
Crime
AMERICAN CRIMINAL-JUSTICE SYSTEM
Courts
Determines the accused’s guilt or innocence in a court trial.
The court assigns a punishment.
90 percent of cases are actually settles through plea bargaining.

14. AMERICAN CRIMINAL-JUSTICE SYSTEM
SECTION 2
Crime
AMERICAN CRIMINAL-JUSTICE SYSTEM
Corrections
Includes probation, imprisonment, and parole, which serves four functions:
Retribution- Revenge for the victims and for society.
Deterrence- Discourage offenders and non offenders from committing future crimes.
Rehabilitation- Serves to reform criminals so that they can return to society as law abiding citizens.
Social protection- Limit the freedom of criminals so
they cannot commit additional crimes.

15. Juvenile-Justice System
SECTION 2
Crime
AMERICAN CRIMINAL-JUSTICE SYSTEM
Juvenile-Justice System
Applies to offenders younger than 18.
Guarantees juvenile defendants the same legal rights and privileges as adults.
Often provides more services.

16. Juvenile-Justice System
SECTION 2
Crime
AMERICAN CRIMINAL-JUSTICE SYSTEM
Police
have the most control over who is arrested for crimes; use police discretion, which has raised the controversial issue of racial profiling
Courts
determines the accused’s guilt or innocence in a court trial and then assigns a punishment; actually settles 90 percent of cases through plea bargaining
Corrections
includes probation, imprisonment, parole; serves four functions—retribution, deterrence, rehabilitation, and social protection
Juvenile-Justice System
applies to offenders younger than 18; guarantees juvenile defendants the same legal rights and privileges as adults; often provides more services

17. Chapter Wrap-Up CHAPTER 8 1. What are the functions of deviance?
2. How does labeling theory differ from other theories of deviance?
3. Describe the five general categories of crime. Be sure to list the types of crime in each category.
4. What purposes does the corrections system fulfill? How does the juvenile-justice system meet these same purposes?