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Part 2.1 The Civil War. The Reality of the Emancipation Proclamation No Southern states rejoined the Union to avoid the Emancipation Proclamation being.

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Presentation on theme: "Part 2.1 The Civil War. The Reality of the Emancipation Proclamation No Southern states rejoined the Union to avoid the Emancipation Proclamation being."— Presentation transcript:

1 Part 2.1 The Civil War

2 The Reality of the Emancipation Proclamation No Southern states rejoined the Union to avoid the Emancipation Proclamation being passed New Years Day, 1863 Emancipation Proclamation signed into law Many abolitionists present for the signing No effect in the South They weren’t listening to the North anyway Union would need to win the Civil War

3 Another Leadership Change Gen. McClellan didn’t do much after victory at Antietam Lincoln replaced McClellan with Gen. Burnside Union chased after Confederates Reach Fredericksburg Confederates camped out on Marye’s Heights above Fredericksburg Union was across the Rappahannock River

4 Fredericksburg Union shelled the city Most citizens had fled Heavy damage to city Union used pontoon boats to cross river Made a floating bridge out of them Marye’s Heights Union had to climb hill to take the position Confederates able to shoot them from behind a stone wall Confederates won the battle Thousands dead Lee: “It is well that war is so terrible, or we should grow too fond of it”

5 General Hooker Lincoln fired Gen. Burnside Replaced him with Gen. “Fighting Joe” Hooker Loved by his men Gen. Hooker had 130,000 men Gen. Lee had only 60,000 men Gen. Hooker planned on dividing his army To attack Confederates from front and back Gen. Lee guessed Gen. Hooker’s plan He divided his army as well

6 Chancellorsville and Wilderness Gen. Hooker set up headquarters at Chancellorsville manner Gen. Lee attacked Further split his army, sending half with Gen. Jackson Forced Union to retreat in confusion Gen. “Stonewall” Jackson went out that night to scout out Union position Shot by friendly fire upon returning Not killed, but would die later during recovery Left arm amputated, died soon after Couldn’t lead the troops for the battle Battle went back and forth at Marye’s Heights Lee mounted for one final all-out assault Gen. Hooker retreated before this could happen

7 Confederates March North Gen. Lee led men to PA Wanted to find food for his men Told them not to destroy things Told them they had to pay for what they took Even though the Union robbed Fredericksburg Gen. Hooker wanted to attack Richmond Since it was left virtually unguarded Lincoln told him to follow Lee instead Hooker resigned Lincoln replaced him with George Meade

8 Part 2.2: Gettysburg July 1-3, 1863

9 The Set-Up of Gettysburg Conf. Gen. Lee didn’t know exactly where Union Gen. Meade’s army was Confederates went into Gettysburg to get shoes Ran into the Union cavalry Confederates took the town Union lined up on Culp’s Hill and Cemetery Ridge Lee brought in his whole army Wanted to drive Union from the hills

10 Little Round Top Hill held by 350 Union soldiers Led by Colonel Chamberlain Conf. Gen. Longstreet sent 3,500 men to attack Union ran out of ammo Led a bayonet charge The Confederates fled

11 Pickett’s Charge (Cemetery Ridge) Thousands died the first two days of the battle Lee was unable to drive Union from the hills Lee planned on sending 13,000 men across an open field To attack Union forces positioned on Cemetery Ridge Incredibly dangerous task due to artillery on the ridge Would destroy the Union army if successful Conf. Gen. George E. Pickett led the charge on July 3 “Pickett’s Charge” Conf. artillery gave first part of the charge cover Rained down on Union lines They marched towards the Union line despite heavy casualties Made it to 200 yards from the Union line Conf. Gen. Lewis Armistead made it to Union lines, fought hand-to-hand Killed, and his men mostly captured Decimated by the Union line Confederates had ½ their men killed or captured Lee: “All this has been my fault – it is I who have lost this fight” Confederates retreated back to VA on July 4th

12 Part 2.3: The End of the War

13 Vicksburg Union Generals Grant and Sherman took the city July 4, 1863 Vicksburg had been the last Confederate fort on the Mississippi River Divided the Confederacy This, plus Gettysburg, gave the Union hope it might actually win the war

14 Chickamauga and Chattanooga Conf. Gen. Lee worried about the war in the west Sent Gen. Longstreet and 12,000 men to meet with Gen. Bragg Confederates then attacked Union Gen. Rosecrans At Chickamauga Creek (TN) Victory for Confederates Gen. Longstreet wanted to follow up on the attack Gen. Bragg refused Longstreet tried (and failed) to get Gen. Bragg fired Lincoln not happy with Gen. Rosecrans Put Gen. Grant in charge of Union army in the West Gen. Grant worked with Gen. Hooker to win the Battle of Chattanoga

15 Gettysburg Address Cemetery placed on Gettysburg Battlefield There was a ceremony to dedicate the cemetery Lincoln was not the key-note speaker Just wanted to say a quick little something Gettysburg Address

16 Grant in Charge Union Gen. Meade had stopped Confederates at Gettysburg Lincoln didn’t think he had what it took to destroy them Put Gen. Grant in charge of all Union forces After his victory at Chattanooga Grant’s plan: Gen. Sherman would march from West, through GA, to the sea Gen. Sigel would invade Shenandoah Valley (VA) Gen. Grant would march south to Richmond Took 110,000 men with him after Lee’s army of 60,000

17 Wilderness (May 5-6, 1864) Gen. Grant attacked Gen. Lee at Wilderness Right outside Chancellorsville in Fredericksburg Thick smoke hurt visibility Friendly fire Thick fighting Union broke through Confederate line Confederates had a great counterattack to drive Union back Confederates won But Gen. Grant didn’t retreat Knew he still outnumbered Lee Went to the south of Lee, who had to move to stay between Grant and Richmond

18 Spotsylvania Courthouse “Bloody Angle” Battle took until midnight Neither side really won, but 12,000 died Grant just moved to Lee’s south again

19 Cold Harbor Only a few miles from Richmond 7,000 Union killed in first 8 minutes Lee defeated Grant for 3 rd time Grant had now lost 50,000 in one month Grant not worried, for he still had more men than Lee

20 Stalemate at Petersburg Grant attacked Petersburg had a railroad which brought food to Richmond Lee got there first, built defenses around the city The two sides were at a standstill

21 Sherman’s March to the Sea Union Gen. Sherman took 112,000 into GA to take Atlanta Major manufacturing city for the Confederacy Conf. Gen. Johnston stood between Sherman and Atlanta Johnston refused to attack Sherman Conf. Pres. Davis replaced Gen. Johnston with Gen. John Hood Peachtree Creek Conf. Gen. Hood attacked Union Gen. Sherman Gen. Sherman won Battle of Atlanta Won by Gen. Sherman again Sherman burned Atlanta after civilians left To punish the South for rebelling against the Union Also burned fields, farms, and houses Gen. Hood fled with his army to save his men Gen. Sherman then made it all the way to Savannah, a port city Proceeded into South Carolina, which he also burned as punishment Started winning in NC too

22 Evacuation of Richmond Gen. Lee was Confederacy’s last chance at survival Lee told Conf. Pres. Davis to evacuate Richmond Davis had Richmond burned so the Union couldn’t use it

23 Appomattox Gen. Lee wanted to escape to NC to meet up with Gen. Joe Johnston Union was following him, attacking him Lee tried to get to Appomattox first Wanted to get food and weapons Gen. Grant got there first Gen. Lee attacked to fight through Broke through first lines Saw thousands of soldiers behind them, didn’t want to risk massacre

24 Surrender Generals Grant and Lee met to discuss surrender Grant said Lee’s men could keep their personal weapons and horses Said they could return home Grant would provide hungry soldiers with food Union soldiers started cheering the surrender Grant had them stop

25 Lincoln’s Assassination Lincoln heard about Lee’s surrender He didn’t want to punish the South, wanted to forget the war John Wilkes Booth Actor Thought killing Grant and Lincoln could give Confederates another chance to win the war Lincoln was at Ford’s Theater on Good Friday, April 14, 1865 John Wilkes Booth shot Lincoln and then leapt from the box Broke his left leg on landing “Sic Semper Tyrannis” (“Thus ever to tyrants”) Escaped on horseback Lincoln died the next day Booth caught and shot on April 26 in VA

26 The War Ends Gen Lee had surrendered, but not all Conf. generals President Davis tried to escape to TX Caught in GA and imprisoned by the Union Gen. Joe Johnston surrendered to Union Gen. Sherman Confederates in TX didn’t want to stop fighting Tried to sign up more people for their army Battle of Palmito Ranch Confederates won But it was the last battle of the war Confederates surrendered 13 days later 558,000 had been killed from 1861-1865’/ 2% of the entire population of the US

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