1. The Closing of the Frontier (1865-1900)

2. I. Transformation of Native Americans 1.1865-@400,000 2.Subsistence 3.Nomadic 4.Settled

3. Transformation of Native Americans (cont’d) 5.Lakota (AKA Sioux) 1.Plains 6.Buffalo 7.Navajo, Apache, Comanche (SW)

4. II. Post-Civil War Reservation Policy 1.Help reform Indians 2.Assimilate 3.“Reservations”  easier to reform 4.Indians had no say 5.Not citizens

5. Chief Rain-in-the Face Sitting Bull Crazy Horse

6. III. Resistance 1.Sioux Wars 1876 2.June 1876—”Custer’s Last Stand” 3.Sioux won-->revenge

7. Resistance (cont’d) 4. Ghost Dance 5.Land; Buffalo; NO WHITE MEN!! 6.Wounded Knee

8. IV. Dawes Severalty Act-1887 1.168 parcels 2.Given to individual families 3.If accepted  citizens in 25 yrs.

9. 4. Effects: Loss tribal lands Gov. dependency Disrupted Culture

10. V. Western Society 1.More men than women 2.Strike it rich; autonomy 3.Isolated, unprotected

11. VI. Railroads 1.May 10, 1869-Trans. RR 2.Stimulated: 1.Steel 2.Iron 3.Lumber 3.4 Time Zones

12. Railroads (cont’d) 4. 1854-Chinese came during the Gold Rush 5.7,000  RR 6.Chinese Exclusion Act 1882-Prohibited Chinese immigration. 7.Gov. funded: aid and land grants

13. Railroads (cont’d) 8.Cornelius Vanderbuilt 9.RR monopoly

14. VII. Great Plains Farming 1.Ag. big business! 2.Mechanization 3.Hatch Act 1887 1.Ag. experiment Stations in every state 2.Science/Tech.

15. Farming (cont’d) 4.Difficult to Adapt: 1.Sod Houses (Sodbusters) 2.Little water 3.Insects 4.Weather 5.Monotony

16. Farming (cont’d) 5.Homestead Act, 1868 1.Work the land for 5 yrs. 2.Given the title, 160 acres 3.Encourage settlement

17. VIII. Cattle Boom 1.Cash Crop of W/SW 2.Cowboys  Long Drives Texas up to Cheyenne, WY (Long Drives) 3.Barbed Wire 1.Enclosed farms 2.Kept cattle off 4.Overgrazing; bad weather

18. Industrialization and the Gilded Age of Politics

19. I. Industrialization 1.Industrialization 2.Urbanization 3.Immigration

20. II. Technology 1.Edison 2.Ford

21. Technology (cont’d) 3.Other inventions 1.Refrigeration

22. III. Labor 1.Work like robots. 2.Employers take control 3.Women and kids 4.Unsafe 5.No benefits

23. 6. Strikes!—Great RR Strike of 1877

24. IV. Unions 1.Better pay, conditions, hours 2.Knights of Labor 1.Blacks 2.Immigrants 3.Women 4.Skilled/Unskilled 3.Too general

25. Unions (cont’d) 4.Haymarket Riot 1886 5.American Federation of Labor (AFL) 6.Skilled; org. by craft 7.No women, blacks, Immigrants, unskilled

26. V. Corporate Giants 1.Supreme Court defends corporations as “citizens”!! 2.John D. Rockefeller 3.Horizontal Integration—One aspect of production 4.Monopoly

27. Corporate Giants (cont’d) 5.Andrew Carnegie 6.Vertical Integration—all aspects of an industry 7.U.S. Steel Corp. 8.JP Morgan 9.Financed such corporations

28. VI. Increase in Standard of Living 1.Mass goods 2.Mass ads 3.Luxury items 4.Rising incomes  status symbols

29. Increase in Standard of Living (cont’d) 5.More Leisure Time! The Great Frysinger Team 1900-1901

30. Vaudville Forerunner to film

31. Yellow Journalism

32. VII. Urbanization 1.1880—U.S. Urban 2.Many moved to city  better life opportunity 3.Natural resources+RR+Industrialization=Urban growth 4.Suburbs  for the wealthy 5.Indoor plumbing, street lights, sewers, etc.

33. Urbanization (cont’d) 6. Inner cities= slums

34. 7.Dumbbell Tenements 8.Cheap brick 9.4-6 stories 10.Very small 11.No water, no RR 12. RR in basement for whole building!!