1. WEATHER -What is weather? -Why do we track it? -How does it affect us in Oakland?

2. How hot or cold it is. Measure of Heat Energy What is happening outside? What does it look like out? How much H 2 O coming from sky? Length of sunlight In a day (24hrs) If there is precip and it ’ s < 32°F = snow, ice, freezing rain, sleet If there is precip and > 32°F = rain Longer photoperiod = hotter Shorter photoperiod = colder temps

3. Temperature Scale Comparison In science, we record most data in degrees Celsius, which is generally used in conjunction with the metric system and used almost worldwide. We record daily temperature in degrees Fahrenheit, which is associated with the Standard system and used in the US. Fahrenheit vs. Celsius 98.6° vs. 37 ° (body temp) 70° vs. 20 ° (room temp) 39° vs. 4° (fridge temp) 350° vs. 180° (oven temp)

4. The difference between WEATHER and CLIMATE Weather is the current atmospheric conditions, including temperature, rainfall, wind, and humidity at any given place. If you stand outside, you can tell how hot it is by taking a temperature reading or feel if it is raining or windy, sunny or cloudy. All of these factors make up what we think of as weather. Weather is what is happening right now or likely to happen tomorrow or in the very near future. Weather is short-term conditions (temperature, precipitation, etc), things noticed today or recently. Climate, on the other hand, is the general weather conditions. We can know about an area’s climate by looking at long-term patterns and we can predict what it will be like there using that knowledge. Climate is long-term, based on observations over many months or years. For example, in the winter, we expect it to often be rainy in Portland, Oregon, sunny and mild in Phoenix, Arizona, and very cold and snowy in Buffalo, New York. But it would not be particularly startling to hear of an occasional January day with mild temperatures in Buffalo, rain in Phoenix, or snow in Portland. Meteorologists often point out that "climate is what you expect and weather is what you get." Or, as one middle school student put it, "Climate helps you decide what clothes to buy, weather helps you decide what clothes to wear."

5. Weather vs. Climate Weather What is happening right now or soon! (or just happened) Temperature, conditions, rainfall, wind speed, humidity, etc. What you get What to wear today! Climate The overall pattern of what an area ’ s weather is like. Average temperature for a timeframe, average rainfall, etc What you expect What clothes to buy for where you live

6. Weather Data Graphing Project! The project I have been talking about all year is finally here! As you know, we have been tracking the weekly weather on the first day of each school week during the “Just Do It! Question of the Day [Weather Edition].” Now we will begin that project! You will also be using science, math and computer skills to create and analyze weather data. Woah, this sounds like a STEAM project!!

7. Weather Data Graphing Project You will be working in groups of THREE people, chosen by the random name generator. You will create a new “Google Sheets” doc with the following title: –Weather Data for Oakland: Sept 15 to May 16 –You will share this file with your group and with me.

8. Weather Data Graphing Project In your file, create THREE tabs along the bottom with the following names: –Temperature, Precipitation, and Photoperiod –On each tab, you will use column A for DATES and column B (and C for temperature) for DATA.

9. Weather Data Graphing Project For the Temperature tab, title your columns like this: After setting up your columns, you will start inputting each data range and the the temperatures that go with it, like this:

10. Weather Data Graphing Project You will continue with the temperature tab until ALL data from this school year has been entered, then move to the precipitation tab. Set up this tab the same way you set up your temperature tab, except you will only use columns A and B.

11. Weather Data Graphing Project Finally, you will set up your photoperiod tab. Set this up the same way as your precipitation tab. However, be sure to convert your photoperiods to HOURS using decimals. No minutes should be shown. –To convert minutes to hours: Take the amount of minutes and divide it by 60. Add that decimal to the amount of hours in your photoperiod.

12. Weather Data Graphing Project Once ALL data has been entered into each tab, then it is time to create your graphs! Highlight ALL the data (including column titles) and click “Insert” then “charts” –From there, choose an appropriate graph for your data. –Some editing may need to be done to each axis to make your data accurate. Example: including the UNIT used (Fahrenheit, centimeters, or hours)

13. Weather Data Graphing Project Using your graphs, answer the following questions [in COMPLETE SENTENCES] in a doc file that is shared with your group. 1.During what months did Oakland receive the most precipitation? Least precipitation? 2.During what months did Oakland receive the most sunlight? Least sunlight? 3.During what months did Oakland receive the highest temperatures? Lowest temperatures? 4.What is the connection between photoperiod and temperature observed in your data? 5.Why do you think some months receive more precipitation than others?

14. Weather Data Graphing Project When completed, print your THREE graphs in COLOR and hand them in to me. You can hand write your names and class name on it in PEN on the lower right hand corner of the graphs. Print your doc file with your question answers and hand them in to me as well.