1. 1 Plagiarism When a writer deliberately uses another person’s language, ideas, or other original (not common knowledge) material without acknowledging its source. Source: Council Writing Program Administrators, www.wpacouncil.org

2. 2 Misuse of Sources When a writer carelessly or inadequately cites ideas and words and statistics borrowed from another source.

3. 3 Actions That May Be Seen as Plagiarism DELIBERATEACCIDENTAL Buying or stealing a paper Copying from another source Hiring someone to write your paper Using one paper for two different classes or assignments Building on someone’s idea without citation Using the source too closely when paraphrasing

4. 4 Causes of Plagiarism and Failure to Use and Document Sources

5. 5 Contradiction of American Academic Writing Show you have done your research Appeal to experts and authorities write something new and original disagree with the experts and authorities! Improve your language by imitating what you read use your own words Give credit to sources make your own contribution Source: OWL at Purdue University: Avoiding Plagiarism http://owl.english.purdue.edu/handouts/print/research/r_plagiar.html But… But… But… But…

6. 6 Choosing When to Give Credit Need to Cite When you are using another person’s words or ideas from a magazine, book, newspaper, web page, or any other medium Information gathered from interviewing another person

7. 7 Choosing When to Give Credit No Need to Cite When you are writing your own experiences, observations, insights, thoughts, and conclusions on a subject When you are using “common knowledge”—common Sense observations and shared information within your field of study

8. 8 Common Knowledge Same information found undocumented in at least five other sources Information your readers will probably know Information easily found with general reference resources

9. 9 Choosing When to Give Credit Need to Cite When you copy the exact words or a “unique phrase” from somewhere. When you reprint any diagrams, illustrations, charts, and pictures.

10. 10 Choosing When to Give Credit No Need to Cite When you are compiling generally accepted facts. When you are writing up your own experimental results.

11. 11 Paraphrasing Guidelines 1.Use your own words and sentence structure 2.When paraphrasing, avoid using any words from the original, except technical terms 3.Use quotations to indicate words from original text

12. 12 Paraphrasing Original: Argentina, endowed with rich agricultural land, significant energy resources and a relatively large, well- educated populace, has achieved one of the highest levels of per capita GDP in Latin America. (Country Watch) Acceptable paraphrase? Argentina, endowed with rich agricultural land, significant energy resources and a relatively large, well- educated populace, has achieved one of the highest levels of per capita GDP in Latin America. (Country Watch)

13. 13 Paraphrasing Original: Argentina, endowed with rich agricultural land, significant energy resources and a relatively large, well- educated populace, has achieved one of the highest levels of per capita GDP in Latin America. (Country Watch) Acceptable paraphrase? Argentina is a country endowed with rich agricultural land, abundant energy resources and a relatively large, well- educated populace, has achieved a high level of per capita GDP in Latin America. (Country Watch)

14. 14 Paraphrasing Original: Argentina, endowed with rich agricultural land, significant energy resources and a relatively large, well- educated populace, has achieved one of the highest levels of per capita GDP in Latin America. (Country Watch) Unacceptable paraphrase Argentina is a country endowed with rich agricultural land, abundant energy resources and well- educated people, has achieved a high level of per capita GDP in Latin America. (Country Watch)

15. 15 Paraphrasing Original: Argentina, endowed with rich agricultural land, significant energy resources and a relatively large, well- educated populace, has achieved one of the highest levels of per capita GDP in Latin America. (Country Watch) Acceptable paraphrase? Argentina is a relatively wealthy country because of its broad range of resources: land, energy and the people themselves who are largely well- educated. (Country Watch)

16. 16 Sources: Citation Necessary? YesNo Own experiences working in Latin America? Interview a classmate? Notes from Prof’s lecture? Chart from another sources? Stats from Euromonitor Quote with phrases omitted

17. 17 Sources: Citation Necessary? YesNo Own experiences working in Latin America Interview a classmate Notes from Prof’s lecture Chart from another sources Stats from Euromonitor Quote with phrases omitted

18. 18 Text-specific: Citation Necessary? Ownership was restricted to those individuals who were born in Brazil or who had been naturalized citizens for more than 10 years. According to UBS Warburg, in 2001, the total advertising revenues of Brazilian media companies reached US$4.2 billion, compared to the US$2.7 billion earned by Mexican media companies. This paper concludes that it is unwise for a foreign company, regardless of its size, to invest in XXX. Cite! No!

19. 19 Text-specific: Citation Necessary? Economists state that price cuts kept inflation down. Using citations in research papers is not required in student’s native culture. Information provided is informational, not analytical. Information was provided by the professor of the course Cite!

20. 20 While Researching... Mark everything that is someone else’s words with quotation marks Indicate your ideas (me!) vs. ones from sources Record all necessary documentation Paraphrase without looking at the original Keep author’s name near quotes Only select quotes with impact Rewrite key ideas in your own words

21. 21 Conclusion Responsibility for citing lies with you! If citing norms are different than from your culture, inform yourself! Ignorance is no excuse! Take careful notes when researching Paraphrase correctly

22. T H U N D E R B I R D Citing Sources The Mechanics

23. 23 Agenda Preview MLA Style Works Cited List and Examples Parenthetical Citation

24. 24 MLA Documentation Style Rules for documenting quotations, facts, opinions, and paraphrases Uses parenthetical citation within text, referring to list of “Works Cited”

25. 25 List of Works Cited Contains all the works that you will cite in your text Organized alphabetically by author’s last name Appears at the end of the paper

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27. 27 Page Nos. Author’s Name Order of Book Entry Components Grosse, Robert E. Drugs and Money: Laundering Latin America's Cocaine Dollars. Westport, CT : Praeger, 2001. Title Ed., Trans., Comp. Edition Vol., Iss. Pub. Info & Date

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29. 29 “Article Title” Page Nos. Author’s Name Order of Article Entry Components Rice, Gillian. “Islamic Ethics and Implications for Business.” Journal of Business Ethics.18 (1999):345-358. Periodical Title Vol., Iss. # Pub. Info & Date

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31. 31 Order of Electronic Resources Entry Components 1.Name of the author 2.Title of the article, database, or periodical (in quotation marks) 3.Title of the book (italicized or underlined) 4.Name of the editor, compiler, or translator of the text 5.Publication information for any print version of the source 6.Title of the scholarly project, database, periodical, or professional or personal site (italicized or underlined), or for a professional or personal site with no title, a description such as Home Page Source: MLA

32. 32 Order of Electronic Resources Entry Components (cont.) 7.Version number of the source or, for a journal, the volume number, issue number, or other identifying number 8.Date of electronic publication, of the latest update, or of the posting 9.The number range or total number of pages, paragraphs, or other sections, if they are numbered 10.Name of any institution or organization sponsoring or associated with the Web site 11.Date when the researcher accessed the source 12.Electronic address, or URL, of the source (in angle brackets) Source: MLA

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39. 39 Parenthetical Citation “You must indicate to your readers not only what works you used in writing the paper, but also exactly what you derived from each source and exactly where in the work you found the material” (Gibaldi 204).

40. 40 Parenthetical Citation According to Gibaldi, “When the author’s name is in your text, give only the number reference in parentheses; but if the context does not clearly identify the author, add the author’s last name before the reference” (211).

41. 41 Parenthetical Citation For a work without an author, “The full title (if brief) or a shortened version precedes the page or section number or numbers, unless the title appears in your text” (Gibaldi 215).

42. 42 Important Citation Resources Dartmouth College. Sources: their Use & Acknowledgement. 20 Aug. 2003. Duke University Libraries. Guide to Library Research: Citing Sources and Avoiding Plagiarism: Documentation Guidelines. 20 Aug. 2003. Gibaldi, Joseph. MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers. 6th ed. New York: Modern Language Association of America, 2003. Radford, Marie L. Web Research: Selecting, Evaluating, and Citing. Boston: Allyn and Bacon, 2002.