1. Chapter 2: States of Matter pages 40 - 52

2. Matter – Anything that takes up space and has mass. Three states of matter common on Earth: – Solid – Liquid – Gas The motion of the particles and the strength of attraction between the particles determine a material’s state of matter.

3. Solid: Particles are packed together in “fixed” positions; definite shape and volume.

4. Liquids: Particles are close together, but not in “fixed” positions; definite volume but no definite shape.

5. Viscosity – a liquid’s resistance to flow. Example: Honey High Viscosity Example: Water Low Viscosity

6. Surface Tension – the uneven forces acting on the particles on the surface of a liquid; acts as a thin film stretched across the liquid’s surface.

7. Gases: Particles move fast and do not stay close together; has no definite shape or volume.

8. Solid Shape Volume Particle Movement Particle Arrangement

9. Liquid Shape Volume Particle Movement Particle Arrangement

10. Gas Shape Volume Particle Movement Particle Arrangement

11. Thermal Energy, Heat, & Temperature Questions 1.How is thermal energy different from temperature? 2.Which has more thermal energy, a lake or a bucket of boiling water? Explain. 3.Which has a higher temperature, the ocean or a bucket of boiling water? Explain. 4.Do you have heat inside of you? Explain.

12. Thermal Energy, Heat, & Temperature Review

13. Changes of State: The state of a substance depends on the amount of thermal energy it possesses Gases have the highest amount of thermal energy Solids have the lowest amount of thermal energy

14. A change in state will occur if thermal energy is absorbed or released. Melting- a solid absorbs thermal energy; the change from a solid state to a liquid state (ice to water) Vaporization – a liquid absorbs thermal energy; the change from a liquid state to a gas state (water to water vapor)

15. A change in state will occur if thermal energy is absorbed or released. Freezing – a liquid loses thermal energy; the change from a liquid state to a solid state (water to ice) Condensation – a gas loses thermal energy; the change from a gas state to liquid state (water vapor to water)