1. 40 Number of Parking Tickets 0 10 20 30 Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Pictograms and Pictograms Thursday Wednesday Tuesday Monday Bar Graphs

2. Diagrams are often used to show information from data. e.g. The following data set shows the number of cars given parking tickets on a particular street on 5 weekdays. MondayTuesdayWednesdayThursdayFriday 20 53540 As always, the frequencies are numbers, but we don’t have numbers for the days of the week. The data are qualitative (descriptions ) instead of quantitative (quantities or numbers ). Both types of data can be shown in pictograms and bar charts.

3. MondayTuesdayWednesdayThursdayFriday 2053540 e.g. A pictogram of the data. Friday Thursday Wednesday Tuesday Monday Decide with your partner how many real cars are represented by a picture of a car. Ans: 10 Key: = 10 cars The diagram must have a title and key. pictogram  picture Number of Parking Tickets 20

4. There is very little difference between a pictogram and a bar chart. We replace the pictures with bars ! Friday Thursday Wednesday Tuesday Monday Number of Parking Tickets As before, we must have a title but instead of a key we have a scale. Bar charts are easier to draw using squared paper. 0 10 203040

5. Number of Parking Tickets 0 10 20 30 Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Thursday Wednesday Tuesday Monday Number of Parking Tickets 0 10 203040 Bar charts are often drawn with the bars going up the page. Friday Thursday Wednesday Tuesday Monday Number of Parking Tickets 0 10 203040 Number of Parking Tickets 0 10 20 30 Friday Thursday Wednesday Tuesday Monday Friday Thursday Wednesday Tuesday Monday Number of Parking Tickets 0 10 203040 To find the mean number of tickets issued per day, we sum the frequencies and divide by the number of days.

6. 40 Number of Parking Tickets 0 10 20 30 Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Thursday Wednesday Tuesday Monday Number of Parking Tickets 0 10 203040 Bar charts are often drawn with the bars going up the page. Friday Thursday Wednesday Tuesday Monday Number of Parking Tickets 0 10 203040 mean number of tickets issued per day = 20 + 5 +35 +40 5 = 24

7. Double, or dual, bar charts can be used to compare data. This chart compares the way that boys and girls in a junior class travelled to school. Frequency 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 Bus Train Taxi Walking Methods of Transport to School Frequency Boys Girls With your partner answer the following: (a)How many girls go by train? (b)How many children go by taxi? (c)What is the most popular way of getting to school? Ans: (a) 2 (b) 4 (c)Walking

8. Exercise 1.The diagram shows the spending by overseas tourists in parts of the U.K. in 2001. SW England Heart of England Wales Scotland Area Key: = £ 100 million (a)How much was spent by the tourists in (i) the Heart of England and (ii) Wales? (b)The figure for SW England was £ 450 000 000. How many pictures would show this?

9. Area Scotland Wales Heart of England SW England Exercise Source: Office for National Statistics Key: = £ 100 million (a)(i) £ 700 million was spent in the Heart of England (ii) £ 250 million was spent in Wales. Answers: (b) 4½ pictures are needed to show £ 450 000 000.

10. 2.The diagram shows the estimates of fish stock in the North Sea in the 1970 s and 1990 s. (a) Which type of fish stock increased between the 1970 s and the 1990 s? (b)What was the estimate of the stock of cod in the 1970 s? Ans: Ans: 800 000 ( 800 thousand ) tonnes North Sea Fish Stocks 0 1000 2000 3000 Cod Herring Haddock Frequency ( thousands of tonnes ) 70's 90's Source: Office for National Statistics Herring

11.  Qualitative data has descriptions instead of numbers. SUMMARY  Pictograms and bar charts can be used to display qualitative and quantitative data. e.g.days of the week, colours, transport methods.  Pictograms must have a title and a key. The key gives the frequency for each picture.  The lengths of the bars on a bar chart give the frequencies. Bar charts must have a title and a scale.