1. The Road to the Civil War As the United States expanded West, new territories were formed. It soon became inevitable that these territories would eventually want to join the US as states. However, the most important question that politicians fought over was what would the territory enter the Union as? Would it enter as a free or slave state? This was an important issue because the US made great attempts to always keep the number of slave and free states equal to each other.

2. The Road to the Civil War WHY WAS THIS SUCH A MAJOR CONCERN? Control of the Senate (each state gets 2 votes) Control of the Senate (each state gets 2 votes) North wants to stop slavery expanding North wants to stop slavery expanding South wants to extend slavery South wants to extend slavery They believed compromise would be the answer They believed compromise would be the answer

3. The Problem Missouri applies for statehood in 1819. Missouri applies for statehood in 1819. WHAT PROBLEM WILL THIS CAUSE? The balance between slave and free states will be upset The balance between slave and free states will be upset

4. The Compromise  Missouri Compromise (1820) Maine applies for statehood as a free state in 1820 1. Maine is made a free state. 2. Missouri is a slave state. 3. No slavery allowed above 36°30’ Latitude

6. Slavery in the Mexican Cession The Missouri Compromise only applied to the Louisiana Purchase. The Missouri Compromise only applied to the Louisiana Purchase. In 1848, the Mexican war added a vast stretch of western land to the US. In 1848, the Mexican war added a vast stretch of western land to the US. Would this territory be free or slave? Would this territory be free or slave? Wilmot Proviso: A bill to ban slavery in any lands won during the Mexican War. Wilmot Proviso: A bill to ban slavery in any lands won during the Mexican War. House passes; Senate defeats the law. House passes; Senate defeats the law. *Shows the country was deeply divided on issue of spreading slavery.*

8. 1836-1848 Between 1836 and 1848 six more states were added to the Union. Since the first three were free states and the last three were slave states, the balance between North and South was still maintained, at 15 each. MichiganTexas IowaFlorida WisconsinArkansas

9. The Problem California applies for statehood in 1850 as a free state. California applies for statehood in 1850 as a free state. WHAT PROBLEM WILL THIS CAUSE? The balance between slave and free states will be upset. The balance between slave and free states will be upset.

10. The Compromise  Compromise of 1850 1. California is made a free state 2. Utah and New Mexico Territories will decide for themselves if they will be free or slave (Popular Sovereignty) 3. Fugitive Slave Law 1850 is passed – North must help catch runaway slaves.

12. The Problem Kansas and Nebraska ask to be made into territories Kansas and Nebraska ask to be made into territories South wants territory to be slave South wants territory to be slave North wants territory to be free North wants territory to be free

13. The Compromise  Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854) The issue will be resolved through popular sovereignty The issue will be resolved through popular sovereignty Kansas-Nebraska Act effectively reverses the Missouri Compromise. Kansas-Nebraska Act effectively reverses the Missouri Compromise.

15. “Bleeding Kansas” Kansas is turned into a battle ground. Kansas is turned into a battle ground. Both proslavery and antislavery forces flood into Kansas. Both proslavery and antislavery forces flood into Kansas. Fighting breaks out and the two groups are engaged in civil war. Fighting breaks out and the two groups are engaged in civil war. Territory is known as “Bleeding Kansas” Territory is known as “Bleeding Kansas”

16. “Bleeding Kansas”