1. Naming Salts, state symbols and writing equations

2. State Symbols (s) = Solid (l) = Liquid (g) = gas
(aq) = aqueous (dissolved in water)
State symbols are used to show the state of compounds and elements in symbols equations.

3. General Equations 1) metal + acid  salt + hydrogen
2) metal oxide + acid  salt + water
3) metal hydroxide + acid  salt + water
4) metal carbonate + acid
 salt + water + carbon dioxide

4. Naming Salts There are two parts to naming salts
1. The name of the metal
2. The ending from the acid
E.g. Potassium Chloride (Metal + ending from acid)

5. Hydrochloric acid (HCl)
Type of salt
Hydrochloric acid (HCl)
Sulfuric acid (H2SO4)
Nitric acid (HNO3)
Phosphoric Acid (H3PO4)

6. Hydrochloric acid (HCl)
Type of salt
Hydrochloric acid (HCl)
Chloride (Cl-)
Sulfuric acid (H2SO4)
Nitric acid (HNO3)
Phosphoric Acid (H3PO4)

7. Hydrochloric acid (HCl)
Type of salt
Hydrochloric acid (HCl)
Chloride (Cl-)
Sulfuric acid (H2SO4)
Sulfate (SO42-)
Nitric acid (HNO3)
Phosphoric Acid (H3PO4)

8. Hydrochloric acid (HCl)
Type of salt
Hydrochloric acid (HCl)
Chloride (Cl-)
Sulfuric acid (H2SO4)
Sulfate (SO42-)
Nitric acid (HNO3)
Nitrate (NO3-)
Phosphoric Acid (H3PO4)

9. Hydrochloric acid (HCl)
Type of salt
Hydrochloric acid (HCl)
Chloride (Cl-)
Sulfuric acid (H2SO4)
Sulfate (SO42-)
Nitric acid (HNO3)
Nitrate (NO3-)
Phosphoric Acid (H3PO4)
Phosphate (PO43-)

10. Naming Salts Metal/base/alkali Acid Salt Aluminium Nitric Acid
Aluminium Nitrate
Magnesium carbonate
Sulfuric acid
Sodium hydroxide
Hydrochloric acid
Lithium oxide
Task: Try to complete the names for the other salts in the table

11. Metal/base/alkali
Acid
Aluminium
Nitric Acid
Aluminium Nitrate
Magnesium carbonate
Sulfuric acid
Magnesium Sulfate
Sodium hydroxide
Hydrochloric acid
Sodium Chloride
Lithium oxide
Lithium Sulfate

12. Examples – Word Equations
magnesium + nitric acid 
magnesium nitrate + hydrogen
Metal
Ending from Acid
copper oxide + sulfuric acid 
copper sulfate + water
Metal
Ending from Acid

13. Examples – Word Equations
sodium hydroxide + hydrochloric acid 
sodium chloride + water
sodium carbonate + Nitric acid 
sodium nitrate + water + carbon dioxide

14. Writing Formulae of Salts
There are two sections:
1. The symbol and the charge of the metal
2. The symbol and the charge of the ending from the acid

15. Charge on metal ions Using the periodic table:
All group 1 metals = +1 charge
All group 2 metals = +2 charge
All group 3 metals = +3 charge
If the metal is shown with a Roman numeral after its name, that is its charge i.e.
Iron (III) = Fe3+
Copper (II) = Cu2+

16. The ending from the acid
Chloride = Cl- = -1 charge
Sulphate = SO42- = -2 charge
Nitrate = NO3- = -1 charge
Phosphate = PO43- = -3 charge

17. Cross over rule
Sodium sulphate Na SO4 Charges Cross Over charges (ignore +/-) 2 1 This shows that you need 2 sodiums for every 1 sulphate Formula Na2SO4

18. Example 2 Magnesium Chloride Mg Cl Charges +2 -1 Cross Over charges
(ignore +/-)
This shows that you need 1 magnesium for every 2 chlorides
Formula MgCl2

19. Examples – Word and Symbol Equations
sodium hydroxide
sodium nitrate
Nitric Acid + +
water
Na OH
H NO3
Na NO3 +
H2O
(H OH) +
Metal
Ending from Acid
Salt

20. Examples – Word and Symbol Equations
Sulphuric Acid
magnesium sulphate
magnesium + +
hydrogen Mg +
H2 SO4 H2
Mg SO4 +
Ending from Acid
Metal
Salt