1. Canada’s Connection to the World: Peace & International Conflicts CGC 1P/D1

2. What was the 1 st International Conflict that Canada was involved in?

3. What was the 1 st International Conflict that Canada was involved in overseas?

4. Canada and International Conflicts Which conflict did these pictures come from ? A. Soldiers in the Boer War in 1901 B. Beaches of France WWII in 1945 C. Trenches of Belgium WWI in 1917 D. Korean war soldier 1953 1 2 3 4

5. What is the difference between war, peacekeeping and peacemaking?

6. United Nations and Peacekeeping What is Peacekeeping? Peacekeeping is a way to help countries torn by conflict create conditions for sustainable peace. Monitoring and enforcing a cease-fire agreed by two or more former combatants.

8. Canada and Peacekeeping When did peacekeeping start? A conflict between Egypt and Israel prompted Lester B. Pearson, then Canadian Secretary of State for External Affairs and later Prime Minister of Canada, to propose to send an international peace force under the UN flag to calm the situation.

9. United Nations and Peacekeeping “We need action not only to end the fighting but to make the peace… My own government would be glad to recommend Canadian participation in such a United Nations force, a truly international peace and police force.” Lester B. Pearson (November 2, 1956.)

10. Peacekeeping & United Nations 60 Peacekeeping Operations since 1948 15 Current Peacekeeping Operations in - Haiti, - 9 countries in Africa, - 4 Asian countries, - 2 European countries - 4 Middle Eastern countries

12. Peacemaking Occurs when there has been no peace agreement and military operations may be necessary to create peace. Can also be called a military intervention (ex. Canada’s involvement with NATO in bombing of Yugoslavia (Kosovo War 98- 99) and in Libya in 2011)

13. Myth: Canada is currently on a UN Peacekeeping mission in Afghanistan Canadian Forces personnel are serving in Afghanistan under the International Security Assistance Force (ISAF) mission led by the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). This mission was authorised by the UN Security Council.

14. Canada and peacebuilding Ottawa Treaty (Anti-personnel Mine Ban Convention) -aimed to eliminate anti-personnel landmines around the world -Canadian foreign affiars minister, Lloyd Axworthy was involved in making sure that this treaty was signed by countries and was nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize in 1997 for this.

15. Canada and Peacekeeping Tragedies Somalia Affair 1993 – Canadian UN peacekeepers tortured a Somali teenager to death Balkans War – 1993- 20 Canadian killed Rwanda Genocide – 1994 – Canadian peacekeepers were helpless to stop the killing of thousands of people Lebanon War-2006- Canadian Major Paeta Derek Hess-von Kruedener killed at UN Peacekeeping post by Israeli air strike. Buried here in Burlington

16. Rwanda Genocide Lt-General Romeo Dallaire – Commander of UN peacekeeping force Brent Beardsley – Operations Manager for UN peacekeeping mission http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xON22c7pZ6c