1. Zeolite을 이용한 연료전지(Fuel Cell)
건국대학교 신소재공학
나노촉매소재 및
응용 연구실
김 화 중

2. What is Zeolite ? 3-D intracrystalline microporous alumino-silcate materials
PBU(Primary Building Unit)
SBU(Secondary Building Unit)

3. Framework Structure of Zeolite

4. Applications of Zeolite
Catalyst and Catalyst Support
Ion-Exchange Medium
Separation Process
Electrode and Electrolyte in Fuel Cell
Others

5. Structures of Commercial Zeolites
Zeolite A
Zeolites X and Y

6. Structures of Commercial Zeolites
ZSM-5

7. Structures of commercial Zeolites
Mordenite
ETS-10

8. VS 연료전지(Fuel cell) 왜 연료전지인가? 기존 화력발전 연료전지 연료 연료 열 에너지 기계적 에너지 전기 에너지
전기에너지
Nano-scale catalyst & application Lab. / Dep. of Materials Chemistry & Engineering

9. 연료전지 응용 분야

10. 2010년 연료전지 시장규모 예측

11. 고분자전해질연료전지
PEMFC
Nano-scale catalyst & application Lab. / Dep. of Materials Chemistry & Engineering

12. Basic Structure of Fuel Cell
Basic Concept of Fuel Cell
Electrochemical Reaction
At Anode,
2H2 → 4H e-
At Cathode,
O e H+ → 2H2O
Through Electrolyte,
H+ passes

13. Different Types of Fuel Cell
Type Mobile Ion Operating Applications
Temperature(oC)
Alkaline-AFC OH – Used in space vehicle
Proton-Ex H – Suitable for Vehicles and
Membrane(PEM) Mobile but also for CHP
Phophoric Acid H ∼ kW CHP systems in use
(PAFC)
Molten carbonate CO ∼ Suitable for medium to large
(MCFC) scale CHP systems, up to
MW capacity
Solid Oxide(SOFC) O – Suitable for CHP, 2 kW to MW

14. Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC)
First developed in the 1960’s (GM)
During late 1980’s and early 1990’s, PEMFC, Renaissance of interest

15. Fuel Cell Be operated under hygroscopic condition
Notwithstanding the good electrical conductivity of carbon, Carbon is relatively hydrophobic
. High Electrical Contact Resistance
. High Ohmic Power Loss

16. Polymer Electrolyte
Polyethylene is modified by substituting fluorine for the hydrogen (Per-fluorination)
Poly-fluoroethylene or PTFE (Teflon)
. Resistant to chemical attack and durable
. Highly hydrophobic : Expel water molecules out of the electrode

17. Nafion Type Membrane
Structure
Hydrophilic site

18. Electrodes Comprises a catalyst to facilitate the reaction
● Catalyst : Platinum
- Dispersed and supported on a high surface area
support material
● Support Material : exclusively Carbon material
- Good electrical conductivity : Facilitate the
passage of the protons through membrane
formed on catalyst while facilitates the flow of
electrons to the external circuit from the
electrode

19. Electrodes and Its Structure
Carbon supported Pt Catalyst
Pt Particle
Carbon Support

20. Zeolite-Carbon hybrid type electrode
(ETS-10, ZSM-5…)
Carbon black
Catalyst particle
ELECTROLYTE
= Polymer +
Zeolite

21. Characteristics of Zeolite in Fuel Cell
Excellent water retention ability (Hydrophilic)
Excellent proton ponductivity
High Surface area
High Pt dispersion

22. Fuel Cell Electrode with Conductive Zeolite Support Material
Conventional PEMFC(Polymer-Electrolyte
Membrane Fuel Cell)
● Structure of Fuel Cell
- Exclusively Carbon particles as a support
material
Membrane
Anode (Pt over carbon) e-
Cathode (Pt over carbon)

23. Zeolite-Carbon Hybrid type MEA(Membrane-Electrode Assembly)
Pt-Zeolite Layer
GDL
Membrane
Pt/C Layer H+
Nafion 115
Carbon particle
Pt/Carbon particle
MEA assembled with Alternative electrode(GCZ) H2
Pt particles in pore and outer surface of ZSM-5 e-
Composite
Layer
MEA assembled with composite electrode

24. Pt-ZSM-5
Pt(111)
Pt(200)
Pt(220)
Pt(311)
XRD results

25. Pt-ZSM-5
TEM images
2~5nm
Pt Particle size

26. Fabrication of MEA(Membrane Electrode Assembly)

27. Electrode Mapping results
Case Ⅰ
Case Ⅱ
Commercial
■: Nafion, ■: Zeolite or Carbon(Commercial), ■: Pt

28. CV results

29. Cell performance

30. Potential Application of Zeolite to Fuel Cell
Advantages over Carbon Materials
● Provides Electrodes with lower electrical
resistance and lower Ohmic power loss
Because of its High Surface Area and
Channel structure
- Reduces the Cost of Catalyst
- Creates the Higher Dispersion
- Prevents the catalyst Particles from
agglomeration
- More hydrophilic than carbon
- Relatively higher gas permeability

31. Synthesis of Nano-Pt particles using zeolite templating method
Ion exchange of Pt(NH3)4Cl2 with zeolite Y
Pt(NH3)4 - Y
Furfuryl alcohol
Polymerization
Pyrolysis at 800oC
Reduction under H2
Pt Nano Particles
Advantages of Zeolite Templating method
Steric effect prevent Pt cluster from the
growth

32. c a b
Transmission Electron Micrograph (TEM) of Pt nano particles formed within Zeolite Y pore channels

33. a b c
Transmission Electron Micrograph (TEM) of Pt nano particles after removing Zeolite Y: a) 0.1oC, (b) 0.2oC and (c) 2.0oC of heating rate for the decomposition of Pt(NH3)42+

34. Zeolite-Polymer Composite Electrolyte
Problems of Conventional Nafion Electrolyte in DMFC (Direct Methanol Fuel Cell)
High Methanol Cross-Over
Low Proton Conductivity

35. Zeolites Nafion® Study Concepts 2. 연구내용 및 결과
Pore Size : ⅹ5.3 Å
ZSM-5
Pore Size : ⅹ6.5 Å
Mordenite
MCM-41 Å
Microporous crystalline aluminosilicates
Regular pore size - Shape selectivity
Selective sorption, Ion exchange, Catalytic activity
High thermal stability
High surface area
High Chemical stability
Water retention at high temperature -> Poor conductivity
Methanol crossover
High material cost

36. Organic Functionalize
2. 연구내용 및 결과 H+
MeOH
Zeolite
Polymer matrix
Study Concepts
Ion Exchange
Organic Functionalize
Sulfonation
(PETMS)

37. MTI DMFC Samsung Note PC DMFC Toshiba DMFC(1W) Fujitsu note PC
Smart Fuel Cell

38. Thank you for your attention !!!