1. DEVIANCE & COLLECTIVE ACTION Sociology 1301: Introduction to Sociology Week Ten

2. Social Deviance  Social Deviance: any transgression of socially established norms.  Informal Deviance: informal violations of social norms.  Formal Deviance: the violation of laws enacted by society  Depends on context…

3. Functionalism & Durkheim  Durkheim looks at deviance through a functionalist lens  Social Cohesion: the way people form social bonds, relate to each other, and get along on a day-to-day basis.  Mechanical Solidarity  Organic Solidarity  Deviance offends the Collective Conscience

4. Durkheim on Punishment  Types of punishment corresponds to types of solidarity  Rehabilitative Sanctions: a form of punishment designed to transform the offender into a productive member of society.  Restitutive Sanction: a form of punishment that attempts to restore the status quo which existed prior to an offense or event.  Punitive Justice: making the offender suffer and thus defining the boundaries of acceptable behavior.

5. Durkheim on Social Control  Social Control: those mechanisms that create normative compliance in individuals  Normative Compliance: abiding by society's norms or simply following the rules of group life.  Formal Social Sanctions: mechanisms of social control by which rules or laws prohibit deviant criminal behavior.  Informal Social Sanctions: the usually unexpressed but widely known rules of group membership, the unspoken rules of social life.

6. Durkheim on Suicide  Suicide is, at its root, an instance of social deviance  Two main influences:  Social Integration: the degree to which you are integrated into your social group or community.  Social Regulation: how many rules guide your daily life and, more specifically, what you can reasonable expect from the world on a day-to-day basis.

7. Durkheim on Suicide

8. 4 Types of Suicide  Egoistic Suicide: suicide that occurs when one is not well integrated into a social group.  Altruistic Suicide: suicide that occurs when one experiences too much social integration (because a group dominates the life of that individual to such a degree that he or she feels meaningless aside from this social recognition.  Anomic Suicide: suicide that occurs as a result of too little social regulation  Fatalistic Suicide: suicide that occurs as a result of too much social regulation.

9. Functionalism & Merton  Strain Theory: deviance occurs when a society does not give all of its members equal ability to achieve socially acceptable goals.  When someone fails to recognize and accept either socially appropriate goals or socially appropriate means (or both), he or she becomes a social deviant.  Conformist  Ritualist  Innovator  Retreatist  Rebel

10. Merton’s Types of Social Deviants Means Goals AcceptReject Accept Conformist: Accept both Means & Goals Innovator: Accepts Goals but not Means. Reject Ritualist: Accepts Means but not the Goals Retreatist: Rejects both Means & Goals by not participating in society Rebel: Rejects both Means & Goals by altering society.

11. Symbolic Interactionism  Looking at deviance from the perspective of everyday interactions.  Labeling Theory: the belief that individuals unconsciously notice how others see or label them, and their reactions to those labels, over time, come to form the basis of their self- identity. Primary Deviance Secondary Deviance Social Stigma  Broken Window Theory of Deviance: theory explaining how social context and social cues of disorder impact whether individuals act deviantly; specifically, whether local, informal social norms allow such acts.

12. Collective Action  For your behavior to count as collective action and not deviance, you must:  Act as a part of a group  Go against the expected social norms of the situation  Types of Collective Action:  Crowd Collective Action  Mass Collective Action  Theories of Collective Action:  Convergence Theory  Contagion Theory  Emergent Norm Theory

13. Works Cited  Conley, D. (2008). You may ask yourself: An introduction to thinking like a sociologist. New York: W. W. Norton & Company.  Massey, G. (Ed.) (2006). Readings for sociology (5 th Ed.). New York: W. W. Norton & Company.