1. Chapter 23 Table of Contents Section 1 The Cardiovascular System
Circulation and Respiration
Table of Contents
Section 1 The Cardiovascular System
Section 2 Blood
Section 3 The Lymphatic System
Section 4 The Respiratory System
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2. Chapter 23
Section 1 The Cardiovascular System
Objectives
List four main parts of the cardiovascular system, and describe their functions.
Describe the two types of circulation of blood in the body.
List four cardiovascular problems.
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3. Your Cardiovascular System
Chapter 23
Section 1 The Cardiovascular System
Your Cardiovascular System
The cardiovascular system consists of the heart and the three types of blood vessels that carry blood throughout your body.
The blood vessels—arteries, capillaries, and veins—carry blood pumped by the heart.
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4. Chapter 23
Section 1 The Cardiovascular System
The Heart
Cardiac Muscle Your heart is an organ made mostly of cardiac muscle tissue. It is about the size of your fist and is almost in the center of your chest cavity.
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6. Chapter 23
Section 1 The Cardiovascular System
Blood Vessels
Arteries are blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart and to the body’s organs.
Capillaries are tiny blood vessels that allow the exchange between body cells and blood.
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7. Blood Vessels, continued
Chapter 23
Section 1 The Cardiovascular System
Blood Vessels, continued
Veins are blood vessels that carry blood back to the heart.
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8. Two Types of Circulation
Chapter 23
Section 1 The Cardiovascular System
Two Types of Circulation
Pulmonary circulation is the flow of blood from the heart to the lungs and back to the heart through the pulmonary arteries, capillaries, and veins.
Systemic circulation is the flow of blood from the heart to all parts of the body and back to the heart.
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10. Cardiovascular Problems
Chapter 23
Section 1 The Cardiovascular System
Cardiovascular Problems
Atherosclerosis happens when cholesterol builds up inside of the blood vessels. Artherosclerosis is a major cause of heart diseases.
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11. Cardiovascular Problems, continued
Chapter 23
Section 1 The Cardiovascular System
Cardiovascular Problems, continued
High Blood Pressure Hypertension is abnormally high blood pressure. The higher the blood pressure, the greater the risk of a heart attack, heart failure, kidney disease, and stroke.
Heart Attacks and Heart Failure A heart attack happens when heart muscle cells die and part of the heart muscle is damaged. Heart failure happens when the heart cannot pump enough blood to meet the body’s needs.
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12. Chapter 23 Objectives Identify the four main components of blood.
Section 2 Blood
Objectives
Identify the four main components of blood.
Describe three functions of blood.
Explain how blood pressure is measured.
Explain what the ABO blood types are and why they are important.
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13. Chapter 23
Section 2 Blood
What Is Blood?
Blood is a connective tissue that carries gases, nutrients, and wastes through the body.
Plasma is the fluid part of blood. It is a mixture of water, minerals, nutrients, sugars, proteins, and other substances.
Red Blood Cells Most blood cells are red blood cells (RBCs). RBCs take oxygen to every cell in your body.
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14. What Is Blood?, continued
Chapter 23
Section 2 Blood
What Is Blood?, continued
Platelets are pieces of larger cells found in bone marrow. When you cut yourself, platelets help blood clot.
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15. What Is Blood?, continued
Chapter 23
Section 2 Blood
What Is Blood?, continued
White Blood Cells (WBCs) help keep you healthy by destroying pathogens. WBCs also help clean wounds.
WBCs also keep you healthy by destroying body cells that have died or been damaged.
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16. Body Temperature Regulation
Chapter 23
Section 2 Blood
Body Temperature Regulation
Your blood does more than supply your cells with oxygen and nutrients. It also helps regulate your body temperature.
Blood Pressure
The force exerted by blood on the inside walls of arteries is called blood pressure.
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17. Chapter 23
Section 2 Blood
Blood Types
Every person has one of four blood types: A, B, AB, or O. Your blood type refers to the type of antigens you have on the surface of your RBCs.
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18. Blood Types and Transfusions
Chapter 23
Section 2 Blood
Blood Types and Transfusions
A transfusion is the injection of blood or blood components into a person to replace blood that has been lost. Blood type is an important consideration of a blood transfusion.
Type
Can receive
Can donate to A
A, O
A, AB B
B, O
B, AB AB
all
AB only O
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19. Chapter 23
Section 3 The Lymphatic System
Objectives
Describe the relationship between the lymphatic system and the circulatory system.
Identify six parts of the lymphatic system, and describe their functions.
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20. Chapter 23
Section 4 The Respiratory System
Objectives
Describe the parts of the respiratory system and their functions.
Explain how breathing happens.
Discuss the relationship between the respiratory system and the cardiovascular system.
Identify two respiratory disorders.
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21. Respiration and the Respiratory System
Chapter 23
Section 4 The Respiratory System
Respiration and the Respiratory System
Respiration is the process by which a body gets and uses oxygen and releases carbon dioxide and water. Breathing is only one part of respiration.
The second part of respiration is cellular respiration, which involves chemical reactions that release energy from food.
The respiratory system is the group of organs that take in oxygen and get rid of carbon dioxide.
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22. Respiration and the Respiratory System, continued
Chapter 23
Section 4 The Respiratory System
Respiration and the Respiratory System, continued
Nose, Pharynx, and Larynx Your nose is the main passageway into and out of the respiratory system. From the nose, air flows into the pharynx, or throat. The larynx is the part of the throat that contains the vocal chords.
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23. Respiration and the Respiratory System, continued
Chapter 23
Section 4 The Respiratory System
Respiration and the Respiratory System, continued
Trachea The larynx guards the entrance to a large tube called the trachea, or windpipe.
Bronchi and Alveoli The trachea splits into two branches called bronchi. One bronchus connects to each lung. In the lungs, each bronchus branches into bronchioles, which branch to form thousands of tiny sacs that are called alveoli.
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24. Respiration and the Respiratory System, continued
Chapter 23
Section 4 The Respiratory System
Respiration and the Respiratory System, continued
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25. Breathing and Cellular Respiration
Chapter 23
Section 4 The Respiratory System
Breathing
Breathing is done by the diaphragm and rib muscles. The diaphragm is a dome-shaped muscle beneath the lungs.
Breathing and Cellular Respiration
In cellular respiration, oxygen is used by cells to release energy stored in molecules of glucose. When you breathe, you take in oxygen, which diffuses into red blood cells and is carried to tissue cells.
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26. Chapter 23 Chapter 5 Section 3 The Respiratory System Chapter menu
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27. Respiratory Disorders
Chapter 23
Section 4 The Respiratory System
Respiratory Disorders
Respiratory disorders include asthma, emphysema, and severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS).
Asthma causes the bronchioles to narrow. An asthma attack may be triggered by irritants such as dust or pollen.
SARS is caused by a virus.
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28. Chapter 23
Circulation and Respiration
Concept Map
Use the terms below to complete the concept map on the next slide.
arteries
cardiovascular system
bronchi
alveoli
capillaries
respiratory system
cellular respiration
blood
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29. Chapter 23 Circulation and Respiration Chapter menu Resources
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30. Chapter 23 Circulation and Respiration Chapter menu Resources
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