1. States of Matter Learning Goal: I can explain the relationship between kinetic energy and states of matter.

2. States of Matter States of Matter Matter can exist in several states [forms]. These include: Matter can exist in several states [forms]. These include: 1. Solid 1. Solid 2. Liquid 2. Liquid 3. Gas 3. Gas 4. Plasma 4. Plasma

3. Why different states? Matter exists in several different states due to the amount of KINETIC ENERGY its particles have. Matter exists in several different states due to the amount of KINETIC ENERGY its particles have. Remember KINETIC ENERGY is energy due to motion. Remember KINETIC ENERGY is energy due to motion.

4. Solids Solid substances have particles with LOW AMOUNTS of kinetic energy. Solid substances have particles with LOW AMOUNTS of kinetic energy.  Solids have a DEFINED SHAPE and DEFINED VOLUME.  The particles of a substance are closely packed and can only move slightly, but cannot move from one place to another.  Solids Solids Solids

5. Liquids Liquids have a moderate amount of kinetic energy. Particles in liquids can move around each other, but not separate from each other completely. This allows liquids to FLOW. Liquids have a moderate amount of kinetic energy. Particles in liquids can move around each other, but not separate from each other completely. This allows liquids to FLOW. Liquids have NO DEFINED SHAPE…they assume the shape of their container, but they do have a DEFINITE VOLUME. Liquids have NO DEFINED SHAPE…they assume the shape of their container, but they do have a DEFINITE VOLUME. Liquids Liquids Liquids

6. Gases Gases possess a large amount of kinetic energy. Gases possess a large amount of kinetic energy. Particles in a gas are free to move independently of each other in all directions. Particles in a gas are free to move independently of each other in all directions. As a result, gases have NO DEFINED SHAPE or VOLUME. Gases spread to fill their containers. As a result, gases have NO DEFINED SHAPE or VOLUME. Gases spread to fill their containers. Gases Gases Gases

7. State of Matter Video

8. Phase Change As matter ABSORBS or RELEASES heat energy, its KINETIC ENERGY also changes. When a substance absorbs enough energy, it can undergo a PHASE CHANGE. Solid Liquid Gas

9. Phase Change Diagrams A change in phase from solid to liquid to gas can be illustrated using a PHASE CHANGE DIAGRAM. A Phase Change Diagram is a type of GRAPH where CHANGE IN TEMPERATURE vs CHANGE IN ENERGY are compared.

10. Phase Change Diagram of Water Increasing Temperature  Heat Energy Absorbed  -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 80 90 100 110 Phase Change Solid  Liquid LIQUID Phase Change Liquid  Gas GAS SOLID