1. Endocrine Disorders and Diseases Lesson 8.3 Chapter 8: The Endocrine System

2. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. pituitary disorders thyroid disorders disorders of the parathyroid gland adrenal medulla disorders disorders of the adrenal cortex the pancreas and diabetes mellitus Endocrine Disorders and Diseases

3. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. hyperfunction –acromegaly, or gigantism hypofunction –dwarfism –diabetes insipidus Pituitary Disorders

4. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. hyperthyroidism –goiter –Graves disease hypothyroidism –myxedema –neonatal hypothyroidism Thyroid Disorders

5. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. disorders of the parathyroid gland –hypercalcemia –hypocalcemia adrenal medulla disorders –pheochromcytoma Endocrine Disorders and Diseases

6. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Cushing syndrome –hypersecretion of cortisol Addison’s disease –hyposecretion of adrenal corticoid hormones Disorders of the Adrenal Cortex

7. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Pancreas (dual role) 1. Exocrine gland - secretes digestive enzymes 2. Endocrine gland – secretes 2 hormones that regulate blood glucose levels a. insulin b. glucagon Diabetes Mellitus is characterized by the body’s inability to produce enough insulin to regulate blood glucose levels. The Pancreas and Diabetes Mellitus

8. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Diagnosis for diabetes: 1. Blood glucose test (finger pick) Levels above 126 mg/dL after 8 hour fast 2. Glucose tolerance test Two hour test after drinking glucose – levels above 200 mg/dL indicate diabetes **3. Hb A1c test – test amount of sugar on your hemoglobin (blood protein) – average monthly > 5.6% good, non-diabetic 5.7% - 6.4 % prediabetic, over 6.5% diabetic The Pancreas and Diabetes Mellitus

9. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Family History or symptoms prompt screening Symptoms of diabetes mellitus –polyuria excessive urination – to eliminate glucose –polydipsia excessive thirst – replenish water lost to polyuria –polyphagia increased hunger – to replace fats and proteins body used as fuel sources The Pancreas and Diabetes Mellitus

10. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Type I diabetes mellitus –juvenile-onset type II diabetes mellitus –adult-onset –insulin resistance –hyperglycemia The Pancreas and Diabetes Mellitus

11. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Match these words with 1 – 4 below: dwarfism, Cushing syndrome, goiter, polyuria. 1. a result of pituitary hypofunction 2. excessive urination 3. hypersecretion of cortisol 4. a result of hyperthyroidism Review and Assessment