1. SHRI RAM MURTI SMARAK COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY BAREILLY Seminar on “MAGLEV TRAINS” Submitted To- Mr. Virat Bhambhe Submitted By- Bharat Kumar EE-1 0901421033

2. MAGLEV TRAINS TRAINS THAT FLY ON AIR.

3. CONTENTS INTRODUCTION WORKING POWER SUPPLY PROPULSION SYSTEM APPLICATION INFORMATION MAGLEV PROJECTS ADVANTAGES CONCLUSION

4. INTRODUCTION Maglev = magnetic + levitation. 1 st described by Robert Goddard, American Rocket Scientist, 1909 Scientific American. Next, 1912, French engineer, modeled it, Emile Bachelet, eddy-current repulsive levititation, amount of power needed too high to run… lack of funding.

5. CONTD… Travels very fast (up to 250 mph). Requires all new train track to be built. Can’t run on old train track, needs magnet system. Uses magnets to float the train along the track-  No friction  Cheat gravity  Very quiet

6. CONTD… Expensive to build, but cheap to run. Cost for labor and energy: Air travel = approx. $ 14 per mile. Maglev travel = approx. $ 04 to $ 10 per mile. Cost to build Maglev train tracks = $5 million per two-way mile. Cost to build new airport, anywhere from $500 million to $1 billion.

7. WORKING The electromagnets on the underside of the train pull it up to the ferromagnetic stators on the track and levitate the train. The magnets on the side keep the train from moving from side to side. A computer changes the amount of current to keep the train 1 cm from the track.

8. POWER SUPPLY Batteries on the train power the system, and therefore it still functions without propulsion. The batteries can levitate the train for 30 minutes without any additional energy. Linear generators in the magnets on board the train use the motion of the train to recharge the batteries. Levitation system uses less power than the trains air conditioning.

9. PROPULSION SYSTEM The system consists of aluminum three- phase cable windings in the stator packs that are on the guide way. When a current is supplied to the windings, it creates a traveling alternating current that propels the train forward by pushing and pulling.

10. When the alternating current is reversed, the train brakes. Different speeds are achieved by varying the intensity of the current. Only the section of track where the train is traveling is electrified..

11. APPLICATION INFO SAFETY  The trains are virtually impossible to derail because the train is wrapped around the track.  Collisions between trains are unlikely because computers are controlling the trains movements.

12. CONTD… The train is earthquake proof because the greater space (10 cm) between the track and the train leaves more room for track deformation. Linear generators will produce all the electricity needed in the train’s interior. Only the part of the track that is used will be electrified so no energy is wasted.

13. MAINTENANCE  There is very little maintenance because there is no contact between the parts. COMFORT  The ride is smooth while not accelerating.

14. EFFICIENCY The initial investment is similar to other high speed rail roads (Maglift is $20-$40 million per mile and I-279 in Pittsburg cost $37 million per mile). Operating expenses are half of that of other railroads. A train is composed of sections that each contain 100 seats, and a train can have between 2 and 10 sections.

15. SPEED- The train can travel at about 300 mph. (acc. can go only up to 200 mph). For trips of distances up to 500 miles its total travel time is equal to a plane. It can accelerate to 200 mph in 3 miles, so it is ideal for short jumps.

16. The train makes little noise because it does not touch the track and it has no motor. Therefore, all noise comes from moving air. This sound is equivalent to the noise produced by city traffic. NOISE POLLUTION-

17. MAGNETIC FIELD- The magnetic field created is low, therefore there are no adverse effects.

18. MAGLEV: THE “TRANSRAPID ” GERMANY’S MAGLEV: THE “TRANSRAPID ”

19. Like all Maglevs, it is very quiet (no track friction). Can climb steeper heights than normal trains, making it perfect for the mountains. GERMANY’S MAGLEV

20. SHANGHAI’S MAGLEV

21. Completed in January 2003. Connects Shanghai’s subway system to the International airport. Train gets up to 200 mph (321.87 km/h) in 2 minutes. Cost to city: 1.2 billion dollars (10 billion yuan) and 2.5 years to complete the 19 miles (30.58 km) track. Cost to ride.: $6 one-way, $8 for two-way ticket. SHANGHAI’S MAGLEV

22. JAPAN’S MAGLEV

23. Experimental Holds Maglev speed record: 361 M.P.H (with passengers). Needs wheels at lower speeds till magnetic levitation fields produce enough lift to float. GERMANY’S MAGLEV

24. ADVANTAGES The primary advantage is maintenance. Well it sounds high-tech, a floating train, they do offer certain benefits over conventional steel rail on steel wheel railways.

25. CONTD… Because the train floats along there is no contact with the ground and therefore no need for any moving parts. As a result there are no components that would wear out. Note that there is still air resistance.

26. CONTD… Because there are no wheels running along there is no wheel noise. However noise due to air disturbance still occurs while the train is in motion.

27. CONTD… The final advantage is speed (i.e. 500km/h or 300mph). As a result of the three previous listed it is more viable for maglev trains to travel extremely fast. Although this is possible with conventional rail it is not economically viable.

28. CONCLUSION Maglev trains use magnets to levitate and propel the trains forward. Since there is no friction these trains can reach high speeds. It is a safe and efficient way to travel. Governments have mixed feelings about the technology. Some countries, like China, have embraced it and others like Germany have balked at the expense.

29. THANK YOU