1. Warm Up Work silently. Raise hand to ask Ms. Hughes anything. 1.What is the achievement gap? 2.What is an ion? 3.What happens when you subtract a negative number?

2. Announcements If you have not taken 4 chemistry tests yet this semester, see me after to arrange a make up Retake GLEs for GRADE BOOST

3. Mystery Element Fusion of nuclei makes energy of the sun Name means “water” and “creator” Lightweight, very flammable Predominant element in stars

4. Take 1

5. Unit 5: Bonding What do we have to look forward to? 1. Learn how fireworks work and make sparklers 2. Personals Project and Speed Dating 3. Chance to bring up your grade!

6. Theme of this unit is… DESIRE Who is your role model? WHY?

7. All elements WANT to be like the NOBLE GASES. They are the elements’ role models All atoms are NOT created equal

8. Noble Gases- where are they?

9. Why? 2 is COOL, 8 is GREAT Outermost energy level filled up – STABLE – INDEPENDENT The Noble Gases have an OCTET – An OCTET is 8 VALENCE electrons – Complete Octet makes the atom happy

10. Valence Electrons

11. 3. Elements will do anything to be like the noble gases. a.Lose electrons b.Gain electrons c.Share electrons

12. They want FULL ENERGY LEVELS. What to do? Lose or Gain? REMEMBER: Elements are lazy…

13. The Shortest Way: Lose or Gain? Lose 6 5 1 2 3 4 7 8 Goal Gain

14. Easiest Way. Lose or Gain ? Ex 1: What is the easiest way for Potassium (K) to be like the noble gases?

15. Easiest Way. Lose or Gain ? Ex 2: What is the easiest way for Oxygen (O) to be like the Noble gases?

16. Easiest Way. Lose or Gain ? Ex 3: What is the easiest way for Bromine (Br) to be like the Noble gases?

17. Easiest Way. Lose or Gain ? What is the easiest way for Arsenic (As) to be like the Noble Gases?

18. Easiest Way. Lose or Gain ? What is the easiest way for Boron (B) to be like the noble gases?

19. Easiest Way. Lose or Gain ? What is the easiest way for Beryllium (Be) to be like the Noble Gases?

20. The electron What’s the charge???

21. The electron What’s the charge??? NEGATIVE So what happens when you gain or lose them?

22. Example: Fluorine What’s the charge on a Fluoride Ion? + - +++++++ - - - - ---

23. Example: Fluorine What’s the charge on a Fluoride Ion? It GAINS 1 electron… + - +++++++ - - - - --- -

24. Example: Fluorine What’s the charge on a Fluoride Ion? It GAINS 1 electron… -1 + - +++++++ - - - - --- -

25. Example: Sodium What’s the charge on a Sodium Ion? + - + -

26. Example: Sodium What’s the charge on a Sodium Ion? It LOSES one electron… + - +

27. Example: Sodium What’s the charge on a Sodium Ion? It LOSES one electron… +1 + - +

28. Types of Ions 1. Cation 2. Anion An atom with a CHARGE! The result of losing or gaining electrons Ion

29. 1. Cation After losing electrons vaCATION +

30. 2. Anion After gaining electrons Angry - 

31. Symbol for an Ion Na +

32. Symbol Rule 1 Na + When the charge (oxidation number) is 1 you only write the sign.

33. Be 2+ Write NUMBER and then SIGN Symbol Rule 2

34. If a neutral Strontium atom tries to be like the Noble gases what will be the resulting charge?

35. If a neutral Iodine atom tries to be like the Noble gases what will be the resulting charge?

36. If a neutral Cesium atom tries to be like the Noble gases what will be the resulting charge?

37. If a neutral Phosphorous atom tries to be like the Noble gases what will be the resulting charge?

38. If a neutral Fluorine atom tries to be like the Noble gases what will be the resulting charge?

39. Definition (in complete sentences) Picture Examples Non-Examples Cation

40. Definition (in complete sentences) Picture Examples Non-Examples Anion

41. Examples/Non-Examples Na + Ca 2+ O 2- Be 2+ F - Se 2- Li + Al 3+

42. cation anion Objective: to compare and contrast the two types of ions.

43. Practice Draw the symbol for the ion that Li will form.

44. Practice Draw the symbol for the ion that Bromine (Br) will form.

45. Draw the symbol for the Magnesium (Mg) ion. Practice

46. Draw the symbol for the ion that forms when Sulfur (S) gains electrons. Practice

47. Draw the symbol for the B ion. Practice

48. Draw the symbol for the Calcium (Ca) ion. Practice

49. Draw the symbol for the ion that forms for Nitrogen. Practice

50. Draw the symbol for the ion that Potassium forms. Practice

51. Draw the symbol for Fluorine’s ion. Practice

52. Electronegativity A measure of how badly an atom wants an electron Every element has a different electronegativity

53. Electron affinity A measure of how easily an atom accepts an electron Every element has a different electron affinity

54. Inoization energy A measure of how much energy it takes to remove 1 electron Every element has a different ionization energy

55. Electronegativity All trends that involve electrons increase as you more RIGHT and UP

56. Which has a greater Electronegativity? LiorP

57. Which has a greater Electronegativity? MgorF

58. Which has a greater Electronegativity? ClorI

59. Which has a greater Electronegativity? Na orCs

60. Which has a greater Electronegativity? Br orP

61. Sum up 1.What ion does Ca make? 2.What ion does N make? 3.How does electronegativity change across the periodic table HW: – Unfinished classwork Top Ten: How’d we do?