1. Progressives Gilded Age Urbanization Immigration Industrialization Big Business Muckrakers

2. Evaluate the extent to which farmers and factory workers did not easily adapt to changes stemming from industrialization in the years 1865-1900.

3. Farmers 1865-1900 Homestead Act (1862) – encouraged movement west yet land was not farmable, large area = expensive, crops not successful therefore could not pay mortgage and foreclosure happened. Not honest (private business men brought it up). Cost of new farm technology. Farmers had to pay high fixed rates for transport of goods on RRs/big business not regulated. Big business had protective tariffs (farms did not) Government took back some land for RR… Granger Movement (1867ish)/Populists – coin silver, wanted more $ in circulation. Munn v. Illinois (1877): RR’s can be regulated! WAIT…nope: Wabash vs. Illinois (1886) Individual states could not regulate RR b/c they were subject to interstate/Federal regulation only.

4. Factory Workers Harsh working conditions – long hours, low wages (wage workers), child labor, easily replaceable b/c others waiting for jobs (scabs to replace those who unionized). Influx of immigrants – nativism, prejudice, tenement living Immigrants targeted by temperance movement; drinking was outlet Unions seen as violent and not publically supported early on. Strike – ex? Haymarket Knights of Labor – negotiating difficult with business interests supported and owners doing lockouts! Unions not always inclusive Supreme Court case: supporting unions? Commonwealth vs. Hunt: even with Supreme Court recognition that unions were legal there was no enforcement of this right to organize (faced road blocks)

5. Progressive Era 1.Discuss the role government played in reforming American social, economic, and political life in the early twentieth century. In your response include TWO of the following: a.Reforms at the federal level b.Reforms at the state level c.Reforms at the local/city level 2. Evaluate the administrations of Roosevelt, Taft, and Wilson in relation to their records as progressive presidents.

6. Essay 1 Pendleton Act (Garfield, 1883) eliminates the spoils system…

7. Gilded Age – started in the 1800s when industrialization caused big business successes and urbanization. Social problems such as poverty, unemployment, corruption, abuse of power were underlying the outward economic growth. Pendleton Act (Garfield, 1883) eliminates the spoils system… 1913: Wilson supports the 17 th Amendment – direct election of Senators; limits political machines.

8. Jane Addams, “Twenty Years at Hull House” – addressed urban life and immigrant tenements, resulting in efforts to provide impoverished with skills and services (edu). Carrie Chapman Catt, “On Women’s Suffrage” – the right for women to vote Theodore Roosevelt, “The Conservation of Natural Resources” – responsible for conserving land and creating national parks. Margaret Sanger, “No Gods, No Masters” - supported contraceptives for women; started what was to become Planned Parenthood; and coined term “birth control.” Upton Sinclair, “Horror in the Workplace” (The Jungle) – conditions in the factory. John Spargo, “The Bitter Cry of Children” Lincoln Steffens Discusses Philadelphia Bossism – wrote “The Shame of the Cities;” challenged political machines; La Follette, even before he was elected Governor of Wisconsin spoke out against the machines. Ida Tarbell, “A Muckraker’s Expose of Standard Oil” – exposed big business, pushed to do so because of her father’s small business. Ida B. Wells, “Lynch Law in America” – treatment of African Americans.

10. a)Briefly explain ONE reason for the popularity of the Progressive movement during the first two decades of the twentieth century. b)Briefly explain SECOND reason for the popularity of the Progressive during the same period. c)Briefly explain ONE example of how the American people resisted changes brought about by the Progressive movement during the same period.