1. 2 1 Montezuma Quail ART

2. “Bird-Man of Lascaux” (17,000 yrs ago)

3. ART Egypt 19 20 Cambodia 21 Australia

4. ART 22 Inca 23 Aztec

5. 18 Pacific Northwest Inuit 24 Navajo 25 ART

6. DANCE Choctaw Eagle Dance 26 Taos Eagle Dance 27

7. DANCE 31 “Swan Lake”

8. LITERATURE

9. 28 LITERATURE 29

10. FILMS 31 43

11. CARTOONS 32

12. 9 10 Great Auk FOOD 8 Neanderthal (50,000-90,000 yrs ago)

13. First Duck Decoys (3,500 to 1,000 years ago) FOOD (Lovelock Cave, Nevada) 11

14. FOOD Chicken Domestication: India: 3200 B.C. Egypt: 1500 B.C. (Red Junglefowl) 20

15. FOOD 13 14 15 16 Cortes Expedition (1519)

16. “Ornithology” – Study of Birds 3

17. Aristotle (324 – 322 BC) 4

18. 5 6 Aristotle: Nest Parasitism European Cuckoo (Cuculus canorus)

19. Aristotle: Migration 7

20. “THE ART OF FALCONRY” Emperor Frederick II of Hohenstaufen (1248)

21. Christopher Columbus (1492) Oct. 8 – There were many small Land-birds and {the sailors] took one which was flying to the south-west. There were jays, ducks, and a pelican. (Observations in the Bahamas)

22. Cabeza de Vaca (1528) (Observations in Florida) “Geese in great numbers. Ducks, mallards, royal ducks, flycatchers, night herons and Partridges abound. We saw many falcons, Gerfalcons, sparrowhawks, merlins”

23. Castenada (1541-1542) Observed turkeys and eagles in Arizona Observed cranes, geese, crows, and blackbirds in New Mexico (Coronado Expedition)

24. John White (1585) (Roanoke, VA Colony) 34 Paints series of watercolors of birds (not shown)

25. William Bradford (1630-1646) (Governor of Plymouth, MA colony) 33 Noted abundant wild turkey and waterfowl populations in 1621, decreases in waterfowl populations’ thereafter.

26. 35 36 “The Ornithology of Francis Willughby” Francis Willughby (1678)

27. 37 “The Natural History of Carolina, Florida, and the Bahama Islands” Mark Catesby (1712-1719; 1722-1726)

28. Eagle proposed as Official Symbol of the United States (1776)

29. Benjamin Franklin wrote: I wish that the bald eagle had not been chosen as the representative of our country, he is a bird of bad moral character, he does not get his living honestly, you may have seen him perched on some dead tree, where, too lazy to fish for himself, he watches the labor of the fishing-hawk, and when that diligent bird has at length taken a fish, and is bearing it to its nest for the support of his mate and young ones, the bald eagle pursues him and takes it from him.... Besides he is a rank coward; the little kingbird, not bigger than a sparrow attacks him boldly and drives him out of the district. He is therefore by no means a proper emblem for the brave and honest... of America.... For a truth, the turkey is in comparison a much more respectable bird, and withal a true original native of America... a bird of courage, and would not hesitate to attack a grenadier of the British guards, who should presume to invade his farmyard with a red coat on

30. 38 39 Alexander Wilson (early 1800s) “American Ornithology” (8 volumes) *320 Species of American Birds on 76 Plates (Crowded) *Detailed observations, notes on colors of fresh specimens, etc.

31. John James Audubon (1827-1838) “Birds of America”(4 Volumes, 435 Engravings) 40 41 Birds painted from fresh specimens Birds often painted in habitat context

32. 51 52 Audubon’s Oriole Yellow-Rumped Warbler (Audubon’s Warbler)

33. 44 45 Lewis and Clark Expedition (Early 1800s)

34. 46 47 Lewis and Clark (Continued)

35. 48 49 Lewis’s WoodpeckerClark’s Nutcracker

36. Additional Expeditions West (1800s) 53 52

37. 55 Baird’s Sparrow Cassin’s Finch 54

38. American Ornithological Union (AOU) 56 (National Organization formed in 1883 by 23 men) Committee on Bird Migration Committee on Classification and Nomenclature Committee on Conservation Publish “The Auk”

39. 61 AOU: Large Scale Collection of Census Data

40. 69 70 AOU: Bird Banding

41. 57 58 “Clark’s Grebe”“Western Grebe” OR AOU Decision

42. “Green Heron”, “Green-Backed Heron” 59 60 “Northern Oriole”, “Baltimore Oriole” AOU Decision

43. 62 AOU: Concern over Bird Population Decline Passenger Pigeon Carolina Parakeet

44. Audubon Society (Formed in late 1800s) 63 Similar to AOU Emphasis on Local Chapters Focus on Public Awareness Sponsor Christmas Bird Count Publish Audubon Magazine

45. 64 65 Feather Ornamentation

46. 66 Field Guides (Early 1900s) 68

47. 67 Emphasis on Key Characteristics

48. Ornithology as an Academic Pursuit (Early 1900s) 71

49. Speciation

50. 74 Intraspecific Competition

51. Interspecific Competition, Niche Partitioning

52. Breeding Systems

53. Cooperative Breeding

54. Class Aves (Birds) ~ 9700 Species Worldwide ~31 Orders ~ 175 Families

55. Order Sphenisciformes (Penguins) Emperor Penguins dive up to 1600 ft and hold breaths for up to 15 minutes

56. Order Caprimulgiformes OIlbirds use echolocation to navigate within caves

57. Order Falconiformes Peregrine falcons can fly 100 - 270 mph!

58. Order Falconiformes Ruppell’s Vulture can soar up to 37,000 ft

59. 2 http://www-tc.pbs.org/wgbh/sisterwendy/works/images/mfa_mim.jpg 1 http://www.dl-digital.com/images/West-Texas/DSC_3249-bird-quail1.jpg 3 http://www.flmnh.ufl.edu/ponyexpress/pony13_1/PE131steadmanbird_web.jpg 4 http://www.stenudd.com/myth/greek/images/aristotle.jpg 5 http://www.science-art.com/gallery/58/58_618200361913.jpg 6 http://www.retamatour.com/web/02web/fauna/fichas/fotos/aves/ Cuculus-canorus01.jpg 7 http://breakspics.mysite.wanadoo-members.co.uk/ 07barnaclegoose1flyfairisle.jpg 8 http://www.rdg.ac.uk/biomim/personal/richard/guinea_bones.jpg 9 http://www.todayinsci.com/Events/Animals/GreatAuk.jpg 10 http://a.abcnews.com/images/Technology/nm_neanderthal_071018_ms.jpg

60. 11 http://www.mnsu.edu/emuseum/archaeology/sites/images/duck.gif 12 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/75/Red_junglefowl_hm.jpg 13 http://www.pbs.org/conquistadors/images/cortes_pix/cortes4_3.jpg 14 http://chipolaalpacas.com/db5/00414/chipolaalpacas.com/_uimages/ ocollatedturkey.jpg 15 http://www.wilsonsalmanac.com/images/cortes1.jpg 16 http://www.surfnetkids.com/images/thanksgiving-turkey.jpg 17 http://watarts.uwaterloo.ca/~acheyne/bird_files/image001.jpg 18 http://www.totem-pole.net/images/totem_pole_3.jpg 19 http://www1.istockphoto.com/file_thumbview_approve/1200327/ 2/istockphoto_1200327_egyptian_symbols.jpg 20 http://angkorblog.com/db1/00087/angkorblog.com/_uimages/ Garudaportraitfront.jpg

61. 21 http://www.karinya.com/images/Emu1.jpg 22 http://www.ulb.ac.be/philo/ychsma/en/images/detail-textile.gif 23 http://www.logosportswear.com/cgi-images/MI1724.JPG 24 http://www.arcticravengallery.com/inuit/images_07/TSharkey_Bird_C.jpg 25 http://www.plexusowls.com/owls/owlart_kuchina.jpg 26 http://americanart.si.edu/images/1985/1985.66.449_1b.jpg 27 http://blankinship-web.com/intertribal/P_de_Taos_Eagle_Dancers_003.jpg 28 http://images.amazon.com/images/P/0061120081.01.LZZZZZZZ.jpg 29 http://www.nebraskahistory.org/images/oversite/store/catalog4/ the_song_of_the_lark.jpg 30 http://site.missiondelrey.com/images/semanasanta.jpg 31 http://www.balet.by/performances/swan_lake2.jpg 32 http://www.personal.psu.edu/faculty/t/3/t3b/Tom'smediafolder/ media%20SpCom%20415%20Spring%202000/Pagliabirdslarge.jpg

62. 33 http://www.etsu.edu/cas/history/resources/Private/Faculty/ Fac_To1877ChapterDocFiles/ChapterImages/Ch3Bradford.jpg 34 http://www.she-philosopher.com/images/gallery/exhibits/ PomeiockCLR(1460x1430).jpg 35 http://content.answers.com/main/content/wp/en-commons/thumb /a/a9/300px-Francis-Willughby-001.jpg 36 http://www.library.usyd.edu.au/libraries/rare/modernity/images/ willughby3-1.jpg 37 http://www.learner.org/jnorth/images/graphics/a-b/RedwingCatesby.jpg 38 http://content.answers.com/main/content/wp/en-commons/thumb/ b/b7/230px-Wilson_Alexander_1766-1813.jpg 39 http://www.audubonart.com/images/Catalog/wil/wil_050_01.jpg

63. 40 http://www.ursusbooks.com/thumbnail.php?img=./itemimages/ 28256a.jpg&maxwidth=700 41 http://www.amphilsoc.org/library/mole/a/audubon.jpg 42 http://spencer.lib.ku.edu/exhibits/gould/titlepic%20copy.jpg 43 http://ecx.images-amazon.com/images/I/5195D5V94QL._AA280_.jpg 44 http://www.gearthblog.com/images/lewisandclark.jpg 45 http://celebrating200years.noaa.gov/magazine/lewis_clark/lewis_clark_569.jpg 46 http://www.eicsd.k12.ny.us/staffweb/jdejohn/Social%20Studies/ Lewis%20and%20clark/bird%20lewis%20and%20clark.jpg 47 http://www.birds.cornell.edu/crows/images/calmsp6a.jpg 48 http://www.mcssb.com/photos/Birds/ClarksNutcracker.jpg

64. 49 http://www.monasheetourism.com/Pictures/Lewis_s_Woodpecker.jpg 50 http://pie.midco.net/tigerbeetle/TigerBeetle/miscphotos/Colorado/ Wilson's%20warbler.jpg 51 http://birdsbybaranoff.com/images/06sb0460-1-audubon-oriole-a.jpg 52 http://www1.istockphoto.com/file_thumbview_approve/3280372/2/ istockphoto_3280372_yellow_rumped_warbler_audubon_s.jpg 53 http://content.answers.com/main/content/wp/en/a/a7/Uploco.jpg 55 http://content.ornith.cornell.edu/UEWebApp/images/GWL_021104_ 00595B_S.jpg 54 http://research.unc.edu/endeavors/fall2005/images/finch.jpg 56 http://www.nmnh.si.edu/BIRDNET/OC/AOUWP.GIF

65. 57 http://sdakotabirds.com/species/photos/western_grebe.jpg 58 http://www.towhee.net/hf-images/len-blumin/cl-grebe.jpg 59 http://www.fnal.gov/ecology/wildlife/pics/Green_Heron.jpg 60 http://www.learner.org/jnorth/www/graphics/oriole.19.jpg 61 http://www.lib.niu.edu/ipo/2000/oi0012123.jpg 62 http://www.carolinanature.com/birds/capapapi3807.jpg 63 http://www.dayton.net/audubon/minlogo3.jpg 64 http://americanhistory.si.edu/feather/images/A2l.jpg 65 http://www.ibrrc.org/images/birds/egret_snowy.jpg 66 http://ecx.images-amazon.com/images/I/41PEYGBJ9AL._AA240_.jpg 67 http://ohioheritage.tripod.com/sitebuildercontent/sitebuilderpictures /anhinaillus.jpg

66. 68 http://birdfreak.com/wp-content/uploads/2007/07/rtp.jpg 69 http://www.tetonscience.org/blogs/GS/wp-content/uploads/2007/07/banding1.jpg 70 http://www.sdgfp.info/Wildlife/Diversity/birdbanding/catbird_band.jpg 71 http://www.eagleoptics.com/images/Articles07/cornell_sponsor_200px.jpg 72 http://biology.unm.edu/ccouncil/Biology_203/Images/ PopGen/darwin_finches.jpg 73 http://www.agen.ufl.edu/~chyn/age2062/lect/lect_27/39_20.GIF 74 http://jrscience.wcp.muohio.edu/birds/ohio_birds/images/ red_wing_males_03_07_04_c-45.jpg 75 http://www.sibleynaturecenter.org/photoessays/prairiechickens/07.jpg 76 http://pictopia.com/perl/get_image?provider_id= 318&size=550x550_mb&ptp_photo_id=271547