1. Mutation-induced variability for improved yield and rust resistance in wheat in hot irrigated environments Abdelbagi M. Ali 1, 2, Izzat S.A. Tahir 2, Abdalla M.A. Kurmut 2, Sufian M. Suliman 2, Nasrein M.K. Omer 2, Tahani Y. Elagib 2, Pierre Lagoda 1 and Brian Forster 1 1.Plant Breeding and Genetics Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications, International Atomic Energy Agency - P.O. Box 100, A-1400 Vienna, Austria 2.Agricultural Research Corporation, PO Box 121, Wad Medani, Sudan a.mukhtar-ali-ghanim@iaea.org

2. Contents Introduction to the Division NAFA of IAEA TC projects for NA Projects related to mutation breeding for resistance to wheat rust diseases Progress made and out come Conclusion/way forward

3. International Atomic Energy AgencyFood and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Corporate Mission Atomic energy for peace, health and prosperity Sustainable agricultural development, improved nutrition and food security to contribute to sustainable food security and safety by use of nuclear techniques and biotechnology

4. Division of NAFA Nuclear Techniques Insect Pest Control by Sterile Insect and Related Biological Techniques Plant Breeding & Genetics by Mutation Techniques Animal Production & Health by Serological and Molecular Techniques Soil & Water Management & Crop Nutrition by Isotopic and Nuclear Techniques Food & Environmental Safety by Food Irradiation and Radio- analytical Techniques

5. Feedback Technology Transfer

6. 96 Member States served CRP & TCP (7) (65)

7. International Atomic Energy AgencyFood and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Mandate Plant Breeding and Genetics To improve national capacities in plant mutation breeding, especially in developing countries: Mutation induction Mutation detection Mutant line development (pre-breeding) and other enabling technologies

8. Radio-sensitivity test to optimum dose Stimulation Induction Genes studies International Atomic Energy AgencyFood and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations 12-15% Moisture 100% moisture

9. International Atomic Energy AgencyFood and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Generating and identifying mutants Mutagenic treatment Mo seed M 1 plantsM 2, M 3 ….. Genotyping Seed resource of identified mutants Phenotyping

10. International Atomic Energy Agency Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Mutant line development Identified mutant Check BGSAD for potential alleles Rounds of selfing Cross to reference genotype Produce segregating population Bulk segregant analysis Fine Map Candidates via synteny Validation Adaptive backcross to elite line Varietal development

11. Recurrent parent Donor mutant F1 BC1 BC2 BC3 BCn Backcross inbred lines Selfing DH, MM, Rapid cycling FASTSLOW Homozygous mutant lines Mutant induction Accelerated mutation breeding by combinations of DH, MM and short crop cycle Repeated generation cycles (5-6/year)

12. International Atomic Energy AgencyFood and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Successes in plant mutation breeding 3218 registered mutant varieties in 214 plant sp. Majority (> 80%) have been developed by nuclear techniques Most are food security crops Legumes 492 Others 378 Cereals 1589 Flowers 642 Oil crops 110

13. INT5150 (2009-2013) Wheat Stem Rust SECOND DEFENSE LINE: Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia BACK UP DEFENSE LINE: Pakistan, South Africa LOGISTICS SUPPORT: Australia, Austria, Italy, Mexico, Syria, USA FIRST DEFENSE LINE: Egypt, Ethiopia, Iran, Jordan, Kenya, Sudan, Syria, Turkey, Uganda, Yemen SUGGESTED ADD. PARTNERS: India, Iraq, Lebanon, Oman, Saudi Arabia IMPORTANT WHEAT PRODUCING AREAS Technology Transfer Capacity Building Networking 300 000 M2 and M3

14. Autors (in alphabetical order): (11)Al-Bokari M., (9)Al-Maawali Q. S. A., (9)Al-Mutasim Al-Busaidi R., (11)Al-Salman A., (14)Arabi M. I. E., (10)Arain M. A., (15)Ben Chedli Trifa Y., (1)Benbelkacem A., (3)Bhagwat S. G., (3)Bhavani S., (1)Djenadi C., (8)El Amil R., (2)Elsayed S. S., (14)Ghannam A., (10)Hussain M., (10)Khanzada S. K., (11)Khashoggi A., (7)Kimurto P. K., (7)Kinyua M. G., (7)Kiplagat O., (12)Le Roux J., (21)Li C., (22)Liu L., (13)Mohamed G., (4)Mostafavi H. A., (2)Moustafa R. A. K., (13)Mukhtar A. A. G., (7)Mutui T. M., (15)Rezgui S., (18)Saif A., (6)Shakhatreh Y., (20)Singh D., (16)Tutluer M. I., (17)Wagoire W. W., (19)Yahyaoui A., (5)Younus M. & (23)Lagoda P. J. L. (1) Algeria (2) Egypt (3) India (4) Iran (5) Iraq (6) Jordan (7) Kenya (8) Lebanon (9) Oman (10) Pakistan (11) Saudi Arabia (12) South Africa (13) Sudan (14) Syrian Arab Republic (15) Tunisia (16) Turkey (17) Uganda (18) Yemen (19) ICARDA, Syrian Arab Republic (20) CIMMYT, Nairobi, Kenya (21) Department of Agriculture and Food of Western Australia (22) Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS) (23) FAO/IAEA, Austria (Luxembourg)

15. Screening Protocol for M2, M3 and M4 Eldoret, Kenya Screen House : M3 and M4 (inoculum spray)

16. 4 resistant mutant lines Submitted to National Performance Trials

17. Screening workshop

18. Phenotype of resistant mutants and susceptible wild wheat genotypes (Eldoret, Kenya ) Photographs courtesy of Amos Ego Wild parent Wild parent Wild parent Resistant mutant Moderately resistant mutant

19. Visual and diseases scores for M5 lines in two populations at the two testing sites; Wad Medani and New Halfa., Sudan 2012 Visual Scores 1 Wad Medani New Halfa Disease 1 Scores Stem rust Leaf rust 0Poor221277R-trR2566 √Acceptable136125trR-MR15445 *Good7362MR-MS6884 **Very good6132MS-S19311 ***Excellent72S354 Total498 Total500 1 R= resistant, tr= trace infection, MR= moderately resistant, MS= Moderately susceptible, S= susceptible Visual scoring in both sites while the diseases scoring was at New Halfa Research Station

20. Genetic Stocks o Major gene resistance type o Minor gene resistance type Released mutant variety-Kenya Advance lines (6) With high yield and resistance to stem and leaf rust (Sudan) Future outlook Release mutant varieties Identify/characterize genes/alleles Develop Molecular markers Utilize the resistance source in backcross breeding Expand the work for resistance to stripe rust Opportunity for collaborations Conclusion

21. Thanks for your attention