1. www.global-campaign.org Microbicides: New Hope for Prevention of HIV and other STIs Your name here www.global-campaign.org

2. What is a Microbicide? A substance that can reduce the transmission of HIV and other STI pathogens when applied vaginally and, possibly, rectally. They are not yet available. First Generation: Gels and creams In the future: Sponges, vaginal rings Gels with barrier devices © Salam Dahbor, Courtesy Doubleshots Studio

3. www.global-campaign.org We Need Microbicides That: Are contraceptive and non-contraceptive Reduce risk of other STIs Are safe and non-irritating Are inexpensive and available over the counter Could be used without partner’s cooperation or even awareness

4. www.global-campaign.org How Effective Will Microbicides Be? First microbicides may be 40-60% protective Second generation may be 60-80% Promoted as a back-up to condoms, not as a replacement. “Use a microbicide with your condom for added pleasure and protection.” “Use a male or female condom every time you have sex; if you absolutely can’t use a condom, use a microbicide.”

5. www.global-campaign.org Comprehensive Strategies for Protection Protection Technology Economic Opportunities Social Power Source: Brady, Martha. Population Council, Conceptual Framework. 2005.

6. www.global-campaign.org Potential Public Health Impact If a 60% effective product Offered to 73 lower income countries Is used by 20% people reached by health care during 50% of unprotected sex acts = 2.5 million HIV infections averted in 3 years including women, men and children

7. www.global-campaign.org 2. surfactants 3. entry inhibitors 4. anti-retrovirals 1. boosts vagina’s natural defenses Source: Shattock, R.; Moore, J. Inhibiting Sexual Transmission of HIV-1 Infection. Nature Reviews Microbiology. Vol 1, October 2003.

8. www.global-campaign.org Laboratory Testing 2-6 Years Phase III (efficacy) 2 to 4 Years Simultaneous studies in some cases: HIV+, penile & rectal safety 10 or more years 3 products 4 products 30+ products Phase I (safety) 1 to 6 Months Phase II (safety) Up to 2 Years 25 – 40 people 200-400 people 3,000-10,000 people The Product Pipeline in 2007 Source: Alliance Pipeline Update, first week of every month - http://www.microbicide.org/publications

9. www.global-campaign.org When can we expect a microbicide? Earliest results from current Phase III trials in 2008-2009 If shown to be effective, a microbicide may be available in a few countries via introductory studies in the next 5 years If not, we will have to wait for results from second generation products

10. www.global-campaign.org Public Funding is Essential Why aren’t large pharmaceutical companies investing? –Perceived low profitability –Liability concerns –Lack of in-house expertise –Uncertain regulatory environment Public Sector, 87% Philanthropic Sector, 13%

11. www.global-campaign.org The Global Campaign for Microbicides works to: Ensure that as science proceeds, the public interest is protected - Accountability Mobilise demand and investment for research and development of new prevention technologies Conduct policy advocacy for development, introduction, access, and use

12. www.global-campaign.org What You Can Do Visit www.global-campaign.org… Get in touch with local advocates Sign up for GC News Write to your public officials! Endorse the Global Campaign Educate others: –Presentations –Events –Web-links – Newsletters – Use our film – Fact sheets

13. www.global-campaign.org I don’t want to die before I turn 25. I refuse to sit down and watch my generation fall to pieces. I am going to make a difference…Will you? Rumbidzai Grace Mushangi, age 15, Zimbabwe Frank Herholdt, Courtesy of Microbicide Development Project