1. Railroads and Industry Essential Questions: How does technology change the way people live?

2. Vocabulary Transcontinental (Across the USA) – Extending or going across a continent

3. How did the processing of cottonseed help Texas farmers?

7. Railroads and Industry The late 1800s saw rapid expansion of railways throughout the state, as well as the completion of two railway lines connected to transcontinental lines. How might the railroad have helped spur the growth of other industries in Texas?

8. Railroads and Industry The railway system brought many benefits to Texans, including growing population, increasing access to different foods and products, and expanding markets.

9. Railroads and Industry Some cities worked to improve their roads with brick or wood. With these improvements, some cities began using streetcars, which allowed cities to expand. It wasn't until the 1920s, when automobile ownership spread, that roads in Texas significantly improved.

10. Streetcars became an important feature of growing Texas cities. This one carried residents of Fort Worth to a nearby lake used for boating and swimming. How did streetcars contribute to urban growth?

11. Railroads and Industry The first telephone lines were installed in Houston and Galveston, and phone service was soon set up in many of the larger cities. In 1878, Colonel A.H. Belo, publisher of the Galveston News, became the owner of the first telephone in Texas. In the early days of telephones, phone lines were connected by operators working at central switchboards.

12. When the telephone first came into use, telephone operators were men. However, because of the rude remarks they made to customers and the uneven service they provided, the phone company replaced them with female operators. Why were switchboards necessary for phone service? Where were they first installed in Texas?

13. Railroads and Industry Meatpacking (development of refrigerated railroad cars), processing of cottonseed oil, lumbering, and mining of natural resources contributed to the growth of industry in Texas.

14. Railroads and Industry By the end of the 1800s, the cottonseed industry was the second largest industry in Texas. By 1900, the lumber industry was the state's leading industry. #1#2

15. Railroads and Industry Company towns sprang up as mining industries grew. In a company town, the company owned almost all of the structures and services, such as the homes of workers and the stores where workers bought their food and other goods. (Pay with Script)

16. Which of the following describes a change in lifestyle due to increased industries in Texas during the late 1800s? A.People moved from rural areas to nearby cities in search of jobs and a new way of life. B.People were able to work shorter hours and shorter workweeks than in the mid 1800s. C.Young men who returned from the Civil War were unable to find jobs in the cities. D.The level of healthcare improved in rural life as more people migrated in. The answer is:

17. Quiz D A 1. The Texas state government promoted the construction of _____ by providing land grants of more than 30 million acres to developers. A. farms B. homesteads C. the telephone D. railroads 2. By the end of the 1800s, there were two _____ that ran through Texas. A. transcontinental railways B. freeways C. telephone lines D. rivers

18. Quiz D A 3. Transportation in Texas cities was greatly helped in the late 1800s by the introduction of _____. A. the automobile B. mules C. wagons D. streetcars 4. It wasn't until the 1920s, when _____ ownership spread, that roads in Texas significantly improved. A. automobile B. mule C. telephone D. streetcar

19. Quiz A B 5. With the development of refrigerated railroad cars, the _____ industry in Texas grew rapidly. A. meatpacking B. cotton C. lumber D. mining 6. By the end of the 1800s, the _____ industry was the second largest industry in Texas. A. meatpacking B. cottonseed C. lumber D. mining

20. Quiz A C 7. In the early days of telephones, phone lines were connected by operators working at central ____. A. switchboards B. control centers C. switchbacks D. depots 8. In 1878, Colonel A.H. Belo, publisher of the Galveston News, became the owner of the first _____ in Texas. A. automobile B. mule C. telephone D. streetcar

21. Quiz C D 9. By 1900, the _____ industry was the state's leading industry. A. meatpacking B. cotton C. lumber D. mining 10. In a _____, the company owned most of the workers' homes and the stores where they shopped. A. ghost town B. ghetto C. tenant town D. company town