1. Objectives: Analyze the causes and assess the influence of seventeenth to nineteenth century political revolutions in England.

3. Elizabeth I – death in 1603 ended Tudor dynasty James I – Elizabeth’s cousin; king of Scotland; 1 st Stuart  Poor judge of people & clashed with Parliament  Believed in divine right of kings – God’s agents on earth  Puritans – important part of House of Commons Protestants inspired by Calvinists Wanted to make Church of England more Protestant

4. Charles I – 1625, also believed in divine right of kings  Opposed Puritans & married a Catholic  Tried to impose more ritual on Church of England  Persecuted Puritans – Great Migration to America

5. The Great Migration

6. The English Civil War 1642 - 1646  Cavaliers (Royalists) vs. Roundheads (Parliament & Puritans)  Oliver Cromwell – military genius & Puritan extremist Leader of Parliament’s New Model Army Purged Parliament of opposition Rump Parliament had Charles I beheaded in 1649 Abolished monarchy & House of Lords Declared England a commonwealth (republic) Ruled as military dictator until death in 1658

7. Oliver Cromwell

8. Beheading of Charles I

9. The Restoration – Parliament restored the Stuart monarchy  Charles II – the “Merry Monarch,” returned to London in 1660  Parliament – restricted some rights of Catholics & Puritans  Charles II – sympathetic to Catholics  James II – 1685-1688, open & devout Catholic; forced to leave throne

10. The Glorious Revolution – an almost bloodless revolution  Parliament offered throne to William of Orange & Mary (James’s daughter)

11. William & Mary

12.  Bill of Rights – strengthened Parliament & individual rights Set forth Parliament’s right to make laws & levy taxes Confirmed citizens’ rights to keep arms & have a speedy trial Gave England a constitutional (limited) monarchy Served as basis for the American Bill of Rights  Toleration Act of 1689 – granted Puritans right of public worship