1. Using Nature’s Notebook as an educational engagement strategy Citizen Science & Engagement: LoriAnne Barnett Education Coordinator February 11, 2016

2. Objectives of today’s discussion:  Define phenology and explain its applicability to understanding changes in the natural world  Understand long-term phenology monitoring and the Nature’s Notebook Citizen Science Program  Apply citizen science and phenology as an engagement strategy  Learn where to find resources to get started

5. PHENOLOGY

6. Just to be clear… phRenology phOnology

7. What is phenology? Photo credit: L. Barnett …it is the study of the timing of recurring plant and animal life- cycle stages, or phenophases, and their relationship to environmental conditions. Photo credit: P. Warren Photo credit: B.F. Powell

8. Using nature as a guide Tradition and Lore http://www.farmersalmanac.com/full-moon-names/ “Tribes kept track of seasons by giving distinct names to each recurring full moon.” November -Beaver Moon February – Full Worm Moon May – Full Flower Moon Photo credit: B. Powell Photo Credits: Wikimedia Commons unless otherwise notedPhoto credit: L. Barnett September – Harvest Moon

9. Scientists

10. Land managers Image credit: John McColgan –U.S. Department of Agriculture. Licensed under Public Domain via Wikimedia

11. Home owners, nature enthusiasts "Bagatelle potager02" by Spedona (Spedona) - Cliché personnel - own work. Licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0 via Wikimedia Commons

12. Weather Day-to-day changes in the Earth’s atmosphere. -Mark Twain Climate Long-term average of daily weather in a given area. It is about… …time

13. Reproduction Development Method Activity ANIMAL >> Mammal, Bird, Snake, Insect Flowers Fruits Leaves PLANT Observable life cycle events or PHENOPHASES

14. Observations RECORD KEEPING

15. Jefferson Powell Thoreau

16. U NDERSTAND HOW SPECIES AND LANDSCAPES ARE RESPONDING TO CLIMATE CHANGE. Primary goal Create a standardized, long-term dataset for use in multiple types of research. Mission Make phenology data, models and related information available. Encourage people of all ages and backgrounds to observe and record phenology. Photo credit: C. Enquist

17. Citizen science …  scientific research conducted, in whole or in part, by amateurs or nonprofessionals  public participation in scientific research  (also known as) crowd science, crowd-sourced science, or networked science Quercus alba, Q. falcata, D. Hartel

18. Dramatic growth between 1997 to 2014 in publications featuring citizen science Follet and Strezov, PLOS ONE Prevalence of citizen science data

19. Value of citizen science data Volunteers contribute ~$2.5B annually to biodiversity research

20. Photo credit: L. Romano www.nn.usanpn.org

21. Phenology CLIMATE CHANGE

22. Earlier Bloom Times Shrubs in the Sonoran Desert Bloomed 10-41 days earlier between 1841 and 2004 http://www.southwestclimatechange.org/impacts/land/phenology Bowers, J. E., Southwestern Naturalist. 2007.

23. Phenology and Climate Change Research, spring timing and range A three-way mismatch https://nadiah.org/phenology.html

24. Observations SHARED FOR SCIENCE

25. Garden re-created Photo credit: Monticello

26. Cloned lilac program H ISTORIC L ILAC N ETWORK E STABLISHED IN THE 1950 S S ANTA R ITA E XPERIMENTAL R ANGE, G REEN V ALLEY, AZ Photo credit: L. Barnett

27. David Bertelsen, Naturalist

28. Collected by a single individual Collected by a single individual 1984-present 1984-present 1480+ round-trip hikes (10 miles), 4158’ elevation gain 1480+ round-trip hikes (10 miles), 4158’ elevation gain Approximately weekly Approximately weekly 587 flowering plant taxa (group of species) 587 flowering plant taxa (group of species) 155K+ records of plant flowering. 155K+ records of plant flowering. 73,000 vertebrate records 73,000 vertebrate records Photo credit: B. Wilder

29. Using NATURE’S NOTEBOOK

30. 7,508 active observers 8,337 active sites 7.6M+ records Lilac data from 1956 1016 taxa from 2009 Data as of 6/18/16

31. Leaves Flowers Fruits Velvet mesquite, Prosopis velutina Image credit: Patty Guertin

32. 12 3 4 Image credit: Wikimedia commons and Pinterest Cardinal cardinalis active individual, feeding, raising young Activity Reproduction Development Method

34. Mobile app interface Image credit: Wikimedia commons "Cornus florida 02 by Line1

35. Data Analysis & VISUALIZATION

36. Breaking leaf buds Leaves Increasing leaf size Colored leaves Flowers or Flower Buds Open Flowers FruitsRipe Fruits Recent fruit or seed drop DECIDUOUS PLANT PHENOPHASES

37. Alliaria petiolata Photo credit: Jody Shimp, Illinois Department of Natural Resources from Invasive.org. Phenology calendar for controlling garlic mustad

38. Resources

39. Phenology calendars

40. Resources www.usanpn.org/nn/guidelines

41. Volunteer & Student ENGAGEMENT

42. People. Image credit: L. Barnett Clipart panda

43. Earlier Bloom Times Based on models and herbarium specimens, Shrubs in the Sonoran Desert Bloomed 10-41 days earlier between 1841 and 2004 http://www.southwestclimatechange.org/impacts/land/phenology Bowers, J. E., Southwestern Naturalist. 2007. Image credit: L. Barnett Image credit: P. Guertin

44. Invasive species that thrive in warmer and wetter environments could displace beneficial species and create pest control problems. Image credit: Bernard Dupont Cenchrus ciliaris via Wikimedia Commons

45. PPPPPFFFFFFFT.

46. People. Meaningful Exited to contribute to actual research Supported Use and share data collected Committed to long-term participation. Image credit: L. Barnett

48. Nature’s Notebook APPLICATIONS

50. What content and skills might PHENOLOGY teach? https://www.usanpn.org/education

51. PHENOLOGY

52. What can PHENOLOGY teach:  English and Language Arts  Social Studies: History, Cultural Studies, and Geography https://www.usanpn.org/education  Healthy Living and Physical Education  Foreign and Native Languages Arts such as music, theater, and visual arts

53. What content and skills might CITIZEN SCIENCE teach? https://www.usanpn.org/education

54. ENHANCE

55. COLLABORATE

56. Make it LONG TERM Intro YEAR 1 YEAR 2YEAR 3 + Intro YEAR 4 Intro Monitoring Analysis Monitoring Analysis

57. Join a local campaign www.usanpn.org/nn/SouthwestSeasonTrackers

58. This spring, track Southwest shrubs and grasses!

59. Select plants and animals to observe Already being monitored Baseline, trends, existing datasets Regional interest

60. ①Milkweed ②Red oak ③White oak ④White pine ⑤Tulip poplar ⑥Hickory ⑦Red maple ⑧Ash

61. ①Honey bee ②Monarch ③Eastern bluebird ④Ruby-throated hummingbird ⑤Eastern tent caterpillar

62. Select plants and animals to observe Locally use Nature’s Notebook in outreach and education as well as management

63. Formal, non-formal, informal LEARNING ENVIORMENTS

64. Formal learning

65. 6-8 week lesson

66. Service learning project

67. Informal learning Self-directed Outside of classroom

68. Interpretive materials

69. Non-formal learning

70. Phenology Networks https://www.usanpn.org/nn/groups/pnc

71. Golden Pinecone Award – Video!

72. Objectives of today’s workshop: Define phenology and explain its applicability to understanding changes in the natural world Understand the importance of record- keeping. Understand long-term phenology monitoring. Apply citizen science and phenology! Learn where to find resources to get started.

74. Connect with USA-NPN… Become an observer Discover new tools and resources Visit a local phenology trail LoriAnne Barnett lorianne@usanpn.org www.facebook.com/USANPN www.pinterest.com/USANPN www.twitter.com/@loriannebarnett www.instagram/tucson_phenology_trail