1. Basic Information on HINARI, AGORA, OARE and the Internet (module 1.1)

2. Instructions - This part of the:  course is a PowerPoint demonstration intended to introduce you to Basic Internet Concepts.  module is off-line and is intended as an information resource for reference use. MODULE 1.1 Basic Information on HINARI, AGORA and OARE and the Internet

3. Table of Contents  Background – HINARI, AGORA, OARE  Basic Internet Concepts  Structure of the Internet  Common Internet Protocols  Technical Requirements for HINARI

4. http://www.research4life.org/Pages/R4L_homepage.aspx

5. HINARI (Health Internetwork Access to Research Initiative) Online portal to publishers Coordinated by WHO/Yale University, USA Free/Low cost to 108 countries 3500 institutions registered Over 6458 journals / 120 publishers Medicine and health 2903 institutions Data: 06 2009

6. Research AGORA (Access to Global Online Research in Agriculture) Online portal to publishers Coordinated by FAO/Cornell University, USA Free/Low cost to 108 countries 1278 journals / 40 publishers Agriculture and related sciences 1042 institutions Data: 06 2009

8. OARE (Online Access to Research in the Environment) Online portal to access environmental information Coordinated by UNEP/Yale University Free/Low cost to 108 countries Over 2990 journals / 340 publishers and scholarly societies Environment and related sciences 900 institutions Data: 06 2009

10. HINARI-AGORA-OARE Eligibility Free (Band 1): 72 countries with GNI (gross national income) per capita of <$1250 $1000/yr (Band 2): 36 Countries/territories with GNI per capita of $1250-3500 some publishers opt out of this option and do not allow access to their journals Eligibility is based on GNI per capita figures as reported by the World Bank

11. Who is Eligible for HINARI-AGORA-OARE? The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the World Health Organization concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Dotted lines on maps represent approximate border lines for which there may not yet be full agreement. © WHO 2004. All rights reserved

12. Primary Target Audiences Eligible categories of institutions are: national universities research institutes professional schools (medicine, nursing, pharmacy, public health, dentistry) teaching hospitals Government: ministries and agencies national medical libraries locally based non-governmental agencies All permanent and visiting faculty, staff members and students are entitled to access and can obtain the institutional User Name and Password.

13. Partners  Principal Publishers  Elsevier Science  Springer  Wiley-Blackwell  Sage  Taylor & Francis  Lippincott/Williams & Wilkins  BioOne  Oxford University Press  Nature Publishing  Other science/technical/ medical publishers  Program Partners  World Health Organization - WHO  Food and Agriculture Org. – FAO  United Nations Environment Programme – UNEP  Yale University Library  Mann Library/Cornell University  International Association of Scientific, Technical and Medical Publishers – STM  Information Training and Outreach Centre for Africa  National Library of Medicine  Microsoft

14. What is the Internet? Publicly accessible network of interconnected computers which communicate via software protocol standards Easily accessed (via modem and phone line, ISDN, direct cable landline, satellite) Expanding global infrastructure; is pan-national (no central control) Regarding information delivery, the most significant change since the development of the printing press in the 15 th century!

15. Internet World Map 2007 Legend: # of IP Addresses per dot

16. Internet Growth Exponential growth for the last few years In 1993, 90,000 people used the Internet; in 2002, 600 million people used the Internet; in 2007, over 1 billion people used the Internet Hardware costs are decreasing year on year While the recent increase of usage in developing countries has been significant, the overall % of users is significantly less than industrialized countries.

17. Internet Growth

18. Server/Client Interface SERVERS CLIENTS Hardware + Software Software Protocols