2. The French Monarchy: 1775 - 1793 Marie Antoinette “let them eat cake” & Louis XVI What do you think of when you look at these people?

3. Marie Antoinette and the Royal Children

4. Commoners 3rd Estate Aristocracy: Nobles 2nd Estate Clergy: Priests 1st Estate Power structure under the Old French Regime … 1% population 2% population 97% pop. Louis XVI insisted that this system stay in place, then wanted to raise taxes for French debts (ex. Palace of Versailles). Bourgeois Bourgeois- people with $, but not political power* King Louis XVI

5. “The Third Estate Awakens” YCommoners presented their demands, but as “representatives of the nation.” YTo protest the lack of representation, the 3 rd Estate proclaimed themselves the “National Assembly” of France.*

6. So it begins… French citizens are upset with taxation and want to gather to discuss the matter. Call together the “Estates General” The “Estates General” was a body of representatives from each of the three estates. –Think of the US Congress that represents each of the 50 states. Each estate had one vote to use on issues that were discussed.

7. Meant that the Third Estate would always lost to the First and Second Estates because they were outvoted. This upset the Third Estate because they had far more people than the other two estates, and they thought they should have more votes. The Third Estate continued to demand that their voices be heard through increasing their rights. After they are denied, they proclaimed themselves the “National Assembly of France.”

8. Tennis Court Oath

9. What Happened? Info from ismhistory.files.wordpress.com/2007/10/tennis-court-oath.ppt On 20th June, 1789 members of the third estate arrived as usual at the chamber for the Estates general meetings But… the Door was LOCKED!! No one really knows whether this was deliberate by the king or if it was just because it was being decorated! But the representatives were suspicious, they believed the king was about to shut down the estate general!

10. Bad Weather’s Impact It was raining! Representatives ran to the nearest dry place: an indoor tennis court! Some might say never has RAIN been so important!!!

11. Storming the Bastille, July 14, 1789 YWhy? There was a rumor the king was planning a military coup (overthrow) against the National Assembly. YThe 3 rd Estate attacks a prison called the Bastille for weapons. (This is “Bastille Day” now, same as the 4 th July in the US.)*

12. On the Night Session of August 4, 1789 ….  The feudal regime in France was abolished (Louis XVI + Marie Antoinette beheaded.  All Frenchmen were, in principle, subject to the same laws and the same taxes  Those who resisted were executed, along with much of the nobility *

13. The Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen Aug 26, 1789 VA list of all the rights the French now have. VThis is modeled after the US Bill of Rights. VInspired by the American Rev!*

14. Constitution of 1791

15. Reign of Terror French start executing nobility, then the king, then anybody they don’t like. France falls into chaos Maximillien Robespierre – un-official leader orders the execution of thousands In the chaos, Napoleon Bonaparte defended the National Assembly during a meeting. This makes him a national hero.*

16. Nationalism extreme patriotic feeling, principles, or efforts wanting political independence for a particular country

17. Napoleon as “First Consul” aWith the government in chaos, Napoleon launched a successful coup d’ etat (overthrow) on November 9, 1799. aHe called himself “First Consul ” [Julius Caesar’s title] and did away with the elected Assembly [appointing a Senate instead].  In 1802, he made himself sole “Consul for Life.”  Two years later he proclaimed himself “Emperor.”*

18. Europe in 1800

19. Napoleon Established the Banque de France, 1800

20. Lycee System of Education

21. Napoleonic Code, 1804 aStandardized the law for all provinces. Helped to unite people in France as “Frenchmen”* aThis code was used in Louisiana as well because it was a French colony possession. aSo How did We/USA end up with it????*

22. Napoleons 1 st failure- Haitian Independence, 1792-1804 Toussaint L’Ouverture

23. Louisiana Purchase, 1803 $15,000,000

25. “Consecration of the Emperor Napoleon & the Empress Josephine,” 1806

26. The Imperial Image

27. Napoleonic Europe

28. Major Military Loss Trafalgar (Lord Nelson: Fr. Navy lost!) This made Great Britain the worlds most powerful Navy*  BritainFrance  1805: Sea Power

29. “The Spanish Ulcer” aNapoleon tricked the Spanish king and prince to come to France, where he imprisoned them. aHe proclaimed his brother, Joseph, to be the new king of Spain. aOn May 2, 1808 [Dos de Mayo] the Spanish rose up in rebellion using Guerilla warfare as the tool to resist aThis kills thousands of French troops and crushes morale

30. Napoleon’s Empire in 1810

31. a1812 July Invasion of Russia aNapoleon led 614,000 men east into Russia. aThe Russians avoided a direct battle with Napoleon. The Russian nobles abandoned land and burned their crops to the ground, leaving the French to operate far from their supply bases in territory stripped of food. This known as Scorched earth*

32. Napoleon’s Retreat from Moscow (Early 1813) 400,000 French troops retreat—40,000 survive!

33. Napoleon Abdicates! eAllied forces occupied Paris on March 31, 1814. eNapoléon abdicated (gives up crown) on April 6 in favor of his son, but the Allies insisted on unconditional surrender. eNapoléon abdicated again on April 11.

34. Napoleon in Exile on Elba

36. Duke of Wellington Prussian General Blücher eNapoléon escaped Elba and landed in France on March 1, 1815  the beginning of his 100 Days. eHe is defeated by the British and Prussians*

37. Napoleon Dies in 1821 This is his tomb * Napoleon Dies in 1821 This is his tomb *

38. What is Napoleon’s Legacy? 1. Public School system 2. Code of Law 3. National banking system 4. French Language 5. Nationalism…. *end

39. The Congress of Vienna (September 1, 1814 – June 9, 1815) eIt’s job was Re-establish a Balance of Power. VReduce France to its old boundaries VRestore the old monarchies VIt tried to put Europe back to Pre- Napoleonic status*