1. A Brief History of Computer Go Dr. Chun Sun (Microsoft Inc, Boston) For HXGNY GO EXPO, June 2013

2. The “Force”The “Armor”

3. 5D 1991 “Goliath” 3D 1993 “HandTalk”

4. May 11 th 1997, New York City, NY First computer program to defeat a world champion In Chess!

5. 1997

6. Go? What about

7. Taiwan Insei 1997 “HandTalk” Janice Kim 1p 1997 “MFGO”

8. 1997

9. What makes the difference? Board size8 x 8 19 x 19 Rule. Defined for each piece free Average Moves Per Game..~30 ~200 Average Possible Moves.~30 ~200 Possible Variations 10 43 10 170

10. Numbers! What do they mean? 10 43 10 170 diameter of the galaxy in centimeters number of water molecules on the Earth 10 23 10 48 10 80 number of atoms in observable universe age of the universe in seconds 10 17

11. 10 43 10 170 Go is way more complicated than Chess

12. … … … … … … … … … How does computer play chess? 1. Look for variations, as many as possible. 2. Evaluate board position. 3.1 3.3 1 5.0 3. Propagate back to find the best move.

13. … … … … … … … … … Why can’t computer play Go in the same way? 10 170 Too much more variations Evaluation is difficult How do you count?

14. … Monte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS) 2006 0.61733… (from a position) Play a bunch of Random games (to a state) where precise scoring can be done Assign “winning rate” to a certain move 0.86245… Black Win White Win

15. Guo Juan 5p 2007 “MoGo” Chou Chun-hsun 9p 2009 “MoGo” Many p’s, including 9p 2011 “Zen”

16. Kim Myungwan 8p 2008 “MoGo” Wang Ming-wan 9p 2008 “CrazyStone” Chou Chun-hsun 9p 2009.2 “MoGo” 640 core

17. Joanne Missingham 6p2011.6 Many programs 128 core Chou Chun-hsun 9p2009.12“MoGo” 12 core “MoGo” 12 core “MFGO” 26 core “Zen”

18. Chou Chun-hsun 9p Masaki Takemiya 9p Ishida Yoshio 9p 2012 “Zen” “CrazyStone” 6/6/2013 (3 days ago) Zen beats a strong amateur (Tygem 9d) with 3 handicaps

19. Do we need more computing power? Do we have models for heuristics, domain specific knowledge as the “Black Magic”? Will Artificial Intelligence ever exceed human intelligence? Find Answers, You will.