2. Food Chain A food chain is a sequence of organisms, each of which uses the next, lower member of the sequence as a food source Arrows go in the direction of energy flow

3. Food Chain

4. In a food chain each organism obtains energy from the one at the level below Plants are called producers because they create their own food through photosynthesis Food Chain

5. Animals are consumers because they CANNOT create their own food, they must eat plants or other animals to get the energy that they need Food Chain

6. Bacteria and fungi that consume the bodies of dead organisms and other organic wastes are called decomposers Food Chain

7. Primary Producers of NJ Marshes http://www.nicerweb.com/doc/class/pix/PRAIRIE/2005_07_18/Typha_angustifolia.jpg Cattails Marsh Mallow http://www.ncdot.org/doh/Operations/dp_chief_eng/roadside/wildflowerbook/graphics/images/page14a.jpg http://www.ontariowildflower.com/images/blueflag2.jpg Blue Flag Iris http://wisplants.uwsp.edu/scripts/detail.asp?SpCode=THEPALvPUB Marsh Fern

8. Three Types of Consumers Herbivores: animals that eat only plants Carnivores: animals that eat only other animals Omnivores: animals that eat animals and plants

12. Other Ways to Classify Consumers 1.Primary Consumers: Herbivores 2.Secondary Consumers: Carnivores that eat herbivores 3.Tertiary Consumers: Carnivores that eat other carnivores 4.Quaternary Consumers: Carnivores that eat carnivores that eat other carnivores

14. Primary Consumers in Marshes Muskrat (eats mostly Cattails) http://www.advancedwildlifecontrolllc.com/images/muskrat.jpg http://wdfw.wa.gov/wlm/living/graphics/muskrat1.jpg

15. Primary Consumers in Marshes Wood Duck eats seeds like those of the Swamp Marsh Mallow and Blue Flag Iris http://dsf.chesco.org/ccparks/lib/ccparks/wood_duck_pair.jpg

16. Primary Consumers in Marshes Glassy-winged Toothpick Grasshopper – eats leaves of plants like cattail and pickerelweed http://bugguide.net/node/view/41662

17. Secondary Consumers Black Rat Snake eats eggs of animals like wood duck http://www.bio.davidson.edu/projects/tate/Terms.htm

18. Secondary Consumers Swamp Sparrow eats seeds but also insects like the toothpick grasshopper http://www.jeaniron.ca/2007/SwampSparrow6645.jpg

19. Tertiary Consumers Eat other animals in marsh including snake and sparrow www.audubon.org www.montereybay.com Osprey

20. Omnivore Racoon eats seeds, fruits, insects, worms, fish, and frogs… and pretty much anything else they can get their paws on! http://abouttitusville.com/BobPaty/Animals/images/Racoon.jpg

21. A food web is an interlocking pattern of food chains Food Web

26. Organisms that can make their own food

27. Organisms that cannot make their own food

29. Biological Magnification The increasing concentration of a pollutant in organisms at higher trophic levels in a food web

31. Biomass The total amount of organic matter present at a trophic level Decreases as you move up trophic levels

32. Ecological Pyramid A diagram that shows the amounts in different trophic levels 3 types of pyramids – Biomass – Numbers – energy

33. Biomass Pyramid

34. Energy Pyramid

35. Numbers pyramid

36. 10% Rule Only 10% of the energy from one trophic level is passed on the to the next trophic level