1. By: Noddy

2. Conditionals  The conditionals are used to talk about possible or imaginary situations. A "Condition" is a "situation or circumstance".  For example: If a certain condition is true, then a particular result happens.  Conditionals are divided into four main types:  Zero conditional  First conditional  Second conditional  Third conditional

3. Zero Conditional: certainty  The zero conditional is used to:  State general truths  State scientific facts  E.g.: Wood doesn't burn if there is no air.  The zero conditional consists of two parts:  The “main clause”  Subject + simple present form of the verb  The “if clause”  If + subject + simple present form of the verb

4.  You can construct a sentence by either putting the “if clause” first and the “main clause” second, or you can reverse them  E.g if you exert enough pressure on a piece of wood, it breaks.  A piece of wood breaks if you exert enough pressure on it.

5. Zero conditional examples:  If I miss the 7 o’clock bus, I am late for Office.  If I am late for class, my miss gets angry.  If you cool water to 0C, it freezes.  Unless you need more space, a small car is big enough for one person.

6. Exercise Complete the sentence…  If you ……., pick me up on the way.  If you ……… all your works, go home early.  When I ………….. on the phone, please don’t make so much noise.  If it ………… take a taxi.

7. Exercise Complete the sentence …  If you are going, pick me up on the way.  If you have finished all your works, go home early.  When I am speaking on the phone, please don’t make so much noise.  If it is raining take a taxi.

8. First Conditional: real possibility  Talks about the future.  There is a real possibility that this condition will happen.  Have two clause or phrase 1. If clause: gives the condition and has a verb in simple present tense. 2. Main clause: gives the result and has the verb in future. 3. The two ways to make the future are:  Will  Be going to

9. If it rains I will stay at home.  In this type of sentences….  Put the verb in present tense after IF  Put the other word in Future tense  Which clauses give the condition?  If it rains  Which condition gives the result of the condition?  I will stay at home.

10. First conditional examples:  If you study hard, you will pass the test.  You will pass the test if you study hard.  Mariyam will be sad if Fira leaves.  If it stops raining, we'll go to the park.  If my mom doesn't come to visit me this term, I’ll be very sad.

11. Exercise complete the sentence……….  If you………...to the supermarket, will you get some milk, please?  If Inax………… a cigarette, he’ll be standing outside.  I’ll do it again if you........ happy with it.  If she ………….rude, I won’t invite her to the party.

12. Exercise complete the sentence……….  If you go to the supermarket, will you get some milk, please?  If Inax is having a cigarette, he’ll be standing outside.  I’ll do it again if you aren’t happy with it.  If she is going to be rude, I won’t invite her to the party.

13. Second Conditional: unreal possibility or dream  Second Conditional is used to talk about 'impossible' or unreal possibility.  E.g. If there were no hungry people in this world, it would be a much better place.  the form 'If I were you' which is often used to give advice.  the 'If clause' can contain the past simple or the past continuous.  After the IF, use simple past tense.  In other clause, use would + the verb.  E.g. Speaking in English would be easier if you practiced more frequently.

14.  When you imagine a future happening like this, you use a past tense form after IF;  If I got million dollar, I would buy a new house.  The meaning here is NOT past tense...  I didn’t got million dollar and I didn’t buy a new house.  I’m imagining a future possibility.

15. Second conditional examples:  The World would be (be) a better place if everyone helped (help) others.  Mariyam would do (do) better in exam if she worked (work) hard.  I would be (be) happy if I married (marry) Mary.

16. Exercise…  What would you do if it …… next July?  If I……… his number, I would give him a call.  If there ……. less cars on the road, there would be less pollution.  If I ….. more spare time, I would join the football team.  If we ….. enough money, we would travel more often.

17. Exercise…  What would you do if it rained next July?  If I knew his number, I would give him a call.  If there were less cars on the road, there would be less pollution.  If I had more spare time, I would join the football team.  If we had enough money, we would travel more often.

18. Third Conditional: no possibility  Third conditional talks about the past.  We talk about a condition in the past that did not happen.  The third conditional is also like a dream, but with no possibility of the dream coming true.  I probably would have passed the exam if I had studied harder.

19. Use….  We use WOULD HAVE + past participial  The important thing about the third conditional is that both the condition and result are impossible now.  Sometimes, we use should have, could have, might have instead of would have, for example: If you had bought a lottery ticket, you might have won.

20. Third Conditional examples:  If I had won the lottery I would have bought a car.  If I had seen Hathu, I would have told her.  If they had not passed the exam, their class teacher would have been sad.  I would have bought a car, if I had won the lottery.  I would have told her, if I had seen her.

21. Exercise Use Would have or had  If he …… asked me, I ……….... done it.  Naash …………. come if it …... been Thursday but it’s on Wednesday.  If I ….. seen him in the office, I ……….. told him to call you.  He ………. said yes, if you ….. asked him.

22. Exercise Use Would have or had  If he had asked me, I would have done it.  Naash would have come if it had been Thursday but it’s on Wednesday.  If I had seen him in the office, I would have told him to call you.  He would have said yes, if you had asked him.

23. Conditionals summary ConditionalExampleTime Zero conditionalIf you heat ice, it melts.Any time First conditionalIf it rains, I will stay at home Future Second conditionalIf I won the lottery, I would buy a new house Future Third conditionalIf I had won the lottery, I would have bought a new house. past

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